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Unit 7 Music and Art

- - - - Printing an agent for social change, increased literacy
    - - Expensive but soon found cheaper methods
      - Amateur Musicians
        
        Vocal, instrumental, mix
        
        Part of “proper” upbringing- especially women
        
        music at home
    - - Only a few could read and write, books copied by hand
  - - - Spontaneous social song
        
        Social part songs- Separate musical lines combined into a whole
      - Usually monophonic
      - Word painting (madrigalisms
        
        Music reflects the meaning of the words
  - - - Published first book of madrigals most widely reprinted collection of the time (1538)
      - Words Clear (Homorhythm)
      - Subtle Word Painting
      - Amateurs- Men & Women sing
      - Double meanings
        
        death
        
        sexual innuendo
  - - - Late sixteenth century, reign of Elizabeth I
      - Some serious, some humorous
      - English composers developed Italian madrigal into a native art form
- - - - More than 600 Lieder
      - Subtle interactions between vocal part and accompaniment
  - - - Clara foremost interpreter of husband’s music
  - - - German-texted solo song with piano accompaniment
    - - Goethe, Heine
      - Love, longing, beauty of nature
    - - Identify the words of a song as carrying its meaning
      - Music carries subtle intensity
      - Interaction between text and music
      - For amateurs and professionals
  - - - Legend of the Elfking: whoever he touches must die
      - Father and sick son riding through the forest on a windy night, Elfking appears to the son, son dies
    - - Sung by same soloist, differentiated musically
  - - - Two strophes
      - Piano part wistful, meandering, no resolution
  - - - The same music repeated for each stanza
    - - No repetitions of whole sections, the music changes according to the text
    - - The same melody may be repeated for a few stanzas, but new material introduced when poem requires it
- - - - Percussive use of dissonance
    - - Ostinatos
      - Pedal Points
      - Repetition
  - - - Swan Lake, Sleeping Beauty, The Nutcracker
    - - Clara receives a Nutcracker from her godfather
      - Clara dreams the Nutcracker becomes her Prince
      - Christmas party
      - Travel through magical & exotic places
  - - - Paris company w/ Russian dances
    - - Team of innovators
        
        Nijinsky- Choreographer
        
        Stravinsky- Music
        
        Roerich- Stage design
  - - - Renaissance court festivals and entertainments
        
        England- Masque
        
        France- Ballet de cour & divertissements
        
        Italy- Intermedio
      - Attached to Operas
      - 17th century Court of Louis XIV
      - 18th century ballet independent of opera
      - 19th Century French & Russian preeminence
- - - - monet
      - degas
      - Renoir
    - - Mallarmé, Verlaine, influenced by Poe
  - - - Major-minor system too predictable
      - Blending timbres, veiled sounds
  - - - sometimes dark, muted