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Ch 26: Community Ecology (Metapopulations in Patchy Environments (common…
Ch 26: Community Ecology
Diversity
Diversity & Scale
scale
larger=more diversity
species-area relationship
area/specie richness
Diversity & Latitude
diversity varies
northern areas
lower diversity
areas near equator
larger diversity
theory
due to environmental factors
Predator-Prey Interactions
One predator, one prey
one species
attacked by one specie
EX; plant & herbivore
functional response
feeding rate
handling time
prey dependent
predators depend on prey
zero-growth isocline
shows
size of predators
prey populations
paradox of enrichment
loss of populations
Predator selection among multiple prey
choice depends on
abundancy
attack availability
spiny?
poisonous?
easy to digest
optimal foraging theory
study of these factors w/animals
optimal diet model
Competition between sepcies
exploitation competition
organisms consume shared resource
interference competition
organism restricts anothers resources
Apparent competition
organisms indirectly compete
Beneficial Interactions
mutualism
both organisms benefit
EX:
facilitation
organism helps w/ no benefit
EX:
Metapopulations in Patchy Environments
consists of
local populations
due to
migration
gene flow
common model
has many patches
some patches are occupied
some are not
empty will be colonized
individual patches
populations may go extinct
Sink habitat
low quality patch
source habitat
high quality patch
fugitive species
colonize new patches
survival
Interconnectedness of Species
trophic levels
primary producers
secondary consumers
primary consumers
Food chain
direct line of consumption
food web
interlocking food chains
energy flow web
energy flow through community
Keystone species
presence or absence
certain species
