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Unit 7: Music and Art (Romance and Poetry (Franz Schubert (1797-1829)…

- - - - German-texted solo song with piano accompaniment
      - Lieder - collection of songs, plural
    - - Goethe, Heini
      - Love, longing, beauty of nature
    - - identidy the words of a song as carrying its meaning
      - music carries subtle intensity
      - interaction between text and music
      - for amateurs and professionals
  - - - No repetition of whole sections, the music changes according to the text
      - modern day example: Paranoid Android by Radiohead
  - - - wrote more than 600 Lieder
      - subtle interactions between vocal part and accompaniment
  - - - Legend of the Elfking - whoever the Elfking touches, dies
      - father and his sick son are riding though the forest on a winfy night, Elfking appears to the son and the son dies
    - - Sung by same soloist, differentiated musically
  - - - Clara foremost interpreter of her husband's music
  - - - two strophes
      - piano part wistfule, meandering, no resolution
- - - - printing an agent for social change, increased literacy
    - - expensive but cheaper methods were soon discovered
      - Amateur Musicians
        
        Music at home
        
        Vocal, instrumental, mix
        
        Part of "proper" upbringing, especially for women
  - - - spontaneous social song
        
        social part songs - separate musical lines combined into a whole
      - usually monophonic
      - word painting (madrigalisms): music reflects the meaning of words
      - Jacques Arcadelt (1507-1568)
        
        Il bianco e dolce cigno (The White and Sweet Swan)
        
        Published first book of madrigals most widely reprinted collection of the time (1538)
        
        Words were clear (homorhythum)
        
        Subtle word painting
        
        Amateurs- Men and Women sing
        
        Double Meanings
        
        Death
        
        Sexual innuendo
        
        Chamber Music, one per part, each ending from a part book
  - - - English composers developed Italian madrigal into a native art form
      - Late 16th century, reign of Elizabeth I
      - Some were serious, some were humorous
    - - Pastoral text, good humor, lively rhythms
      - word painting
      - social music
      - form: ABABCC
- - - - Monet
      - Degas
      - Renoir
    - - Mallarme, Verlaine, influenced by Poe
  - - - major-minor sysstem too predictable
      - blending timbres, veiled sounds
  - - - sometimes dark and muted
    - - Paris Conservatory (age 11)
      - Defied rules of tradionalists
      - Prix de Rome (age 22)
      - Pelleas et Melisande- opera- international music
      - Established French art song- melodie
      - Died during bombing in Paris
      - Wrote orchestral music, piano music, and chamber music
      - Prelude to "The Afternoon of a Faun (listening guide 40)
        
        Inspired by the Symbolist poem by Mallarme
        
        Describes half-man/ half-goat creature
        
        raw sensuality
        
        Debussy's music more of a series with "backdrops"
        
        fluid and rhapsodic
        
        novel tone colors and chords
        
        Later choreographed scandalously by Nijinsky
- - - - Renaissance court festivals and entertainments
        
        Italy- Intermedio
        
        England- Masque
        
        France- Ballet de cour & divertissements
      - Attached to Operas
      - 17th Century court of Louis XIV
      - 18th Century ballet independent of opera
      - 19th Century French and Russian preeminence
    - - Pas de deux
    - - born in Russia
      - St. Petersburg Conservatory (age 23)
      - Taught at Moscow Conservatory (age 12)
      - Depression issues
      - patronage from Nadezhda von Meck
      - Fame in Europe and US
      - 1890 Conducted at opening of Carnegie Hall
      - wrote 7 symphonies, 4 concertos, chamber and choral works
      - The Nutcracker
        
        Dancing of the Sugar Plum Fairy (listening guide 37)
        
        ABA form
        
        Duple Meter
        
        Pizzicato
        
        Trepak (Listening guide 37)
        
        Russian Dance
        
        ABA form
        
        Molto vivace
        
        Features tambourine
        
        accelerando at the end
        
        Chinese Dance
        
        Waltz of the FLowers
    - - Combination of art, music, and dance
      - Serge Diaghliv's Ballet russes
        
        Paris company with Russian Dances
      - The Rite of Spring commissioned by Diaghilev
        
        Team of innovators
        
        Nijinsky - Choreographer
        
        Stravinsky- Music
        
        Roerich- Stage Design
      - Riots at premiere in 1913
      - today performed as a concert piece (not a ballet)
  - - - Percussive use of dissonance
    - - ostinatos
      - pedal points
      - repetition
    - - Introduction
        
        Hanting mood - awakening Earth
        
        Bassoon folk tune
        
        Pizzicat ostinato
        
        mixed meter
      - Dance of the Youths Maidens
        
        Russian folk melodies with nonmelodic sound
        
        forceful
        
        high energy
        
        unpredictable accents
      - Game of Abductions
        
        fast tempo
        
        no pulse and unpredictable accents
        
        frenetic and primitive
        
        dissonant