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Selective attention (Perceptual load theory Lavie 1995 (Rees, Frith &…
Selective attention
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Gray & Wedderburn 1960
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So it seemed like the ‘unattended’ message was processed for content after all (at least by 60% of people)
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Reading
Driver 2001
Broadbent's filter theory 1958 first theoretical accounts to relate psych phenomena to info processing concepts from maths and computers
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late selectionist eg Deutsch and Deutsch 1963 said limited awareness of unattended stimuli might have less to do with rejection from perceptual processing than with rejection from entry into memory
Tresiman 1960 - attenuated model - weak input, sometimes recalled, sometimes not (if special signifcance lower threshold eg own name)
Tresismna - influential for cog P - attenuated inputs, priming
A surprise recognition test showed good memory for attended shapes but none for unattended even tho both had been equally clear on retina
Rock and Gutman argued that this reflected an absence of perceptual processing at the time of presentation
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Dalton & Fraenkel 2012
It is now well-known that the absence of attention can leave us ‘blind’ to visual stimuli that are very obvious under normal viewing conditions (e.g. a person dressed as a gorilla; Simons & Chabris, 1999). However, the question of whether hearing can ever be susceptible to such effects remains open. Here, we present evidence that the absence of attention can leave people ‘deaf’ to the presence of an ‘auditory gorilla’ which is audible for 19 s and clearly noticeable under full attention. These findings provide the first ever demonstration of sustained inattentional deafness. The effect is all the more surprising because it occurs within a lifelike, three-dimensional auditory scene in which the unnoticed stimulus moves through the middle of several other dynamic auditory stimuli (in attend women condition maj did not notice, in attend men most did notice)
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