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Chapter 25: Populations & Ecosystems (Abiotic Components: (Climate:…
Chapter 25: Populations & Ecosystems
Concepts:
ecology
understand plant in relation to hab
plants aren't isolated
like species=a
population
neither are populations
populations=a
community
community+nonliving env=
ecosystem
Plants in Relation to Habitat:
habitat
operational habitat
2 types:
abiotic
nonliving&physical
soil
disturbances
floods
avalanches
fires
altitude
latitude
climate
biotic
living factors
other plants
animals
plant itself
fungi
protists
prokaryotes
Abiotic Components:
Climate:
most spec restricted
can't survive outside these regions
figure slide 7
extreme temps of hab
more imp. than avg temp
growing season
determined by:
1st killing frost of autumn
last killing frost in spring
Soil
pioneers
1st plants to invade new soil
must tolerate severe conditions
assoc. w/nitrogen-fixing prokaryotes
change soil significantly
soil devs. 3 layers:
A Horizon
B Horizon
C Horizon
mature soils less diverse
figure slide 10
Lat&Alt
equator:
no season meas. by photoperiod
no seasonal variation
all days 12hrs
progressively higher alts:
much longer summer days&winter nights
Disturbance
fire:
nat. common comp. of dry ecos
many grasses can't benefit
figure slide 13
quickly produce radical change
figure slide 12
Biotic Components:
the plant itself
ind. modifies habitat
just by existing in habitat
habitat mods
can be beneficial
can be neutral
can be detrimental
Other Plants
interaction
benef. for both
mutualism
disadvantageous
competition
plants compete for:
pollinators
water
light
etc.
figure slide 18
Other Organisms:
commensalism
predation
pathogenic fungi/bacteria
mutualism
Structure of Populations:
Geographic Distribution
one factor determines health of plant
any factor can by a limiting factor
3 types local distribution:
uniform
clumped
random
figure slide 23
Age Distribution:
demography
2 factors effect rate of pop. growth
generation time
biotic potential
large number
figure slide 26
represented by r
r- & K-Selection:
very different
require mutually exclusive adaptations
figure slide 30
Structure of Ecosystems:
Physiognomic
phys size&shape of organisms
figure slide 32
Temporal
temporal structure
tropical ecos
no winter and summer
just dry and wet seasons
Ecosystems:
Species Composition
number & diversity existing in ecos
figure slide 34
stressful climates w/bad soil
few species present
figure slide 35
mild clim,rich soil
abundance of species
Trophic Levels:
figure slide 40
figure slide 38
=feeding levels