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Ch 25 Populations and Ecosystems (The Structure of Ecosystems…
Ch 25 Populations and Ecosystems
Plants in Relationship to their Habitats
Abiotic Components
Climate
Temperature
Rainfall
Humidity
Soil Factors
New Soil
Virtually the same as rock it came from
Pioneer
First plants to invade new soil
Latitude + Altitude
Latitude
Length of days
Altitudes
High Altitudes
High winds
Poor Soil
Disturbance
Fires
Avalanches
Landslides
Floods
Biotic Components
The plant itself
Habitat Modification
Beneficial
Detrimental
Neutral
Other plant Species
Mutualism
Both organisms benefit
Competition
2 populations dont grow well together
Organisms Other Than Plants
Animals, Fungi, and Prokaryotes
Commensal Relationships
1 benefits, other is unaffected
Predation
1 benefits, Other is harmed
Herbivores
Pathogenic
Fungi + Bateria
The Structure of Populations
Geographic Distribution
Boundaries of Geographic Range
Limiting Factor
Abiotic + biotic components of area
Local Geographic Distribution
Random
No obvious pattern
Clumped
Spacing is either large or small
Uniform
Evenly spaced
Age Distribution: Demography
Always more young than old
r- and k- selection
r- Selection
Pop. growth limited by species biotic potential
annuals or shrubby
k- selection
Pop. growth governed by carrying capacity of ecosystem
Longlived conifers
Perennial
The Structure of Ecosystems
Physiogsnomic Structure
size + shape of organism
Temporal Structure
Changes that ecosystem undergoes with time
Species Composition
number and diversity of species
Trophic Levels
Feeding Levels
