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Populations and Ecosystems (Plants in Relationship to Their Habitats…
Populations and Ecosystems
The Structure of Populations
Geographic Distribution
Boundaries of the Geographic Range
Limiting Factor
Determines plant health
Local Geographic Distribution
Random Distribution
No pattern
Clumped Distribution
No averange
Uniform Distribution
Allelochemics
Inhibition is allelopathy
Age Distribution: Demography
Relative Proportion of Age
Generation time
Birth to birth of offspring
Biotic Potential
Offspring that can reproduce
Carrying Capacity
Max number
r- and K- Selection
r-
r-Selected Species
Annuals
Shrubby perennials
Made by disturbance
K-
Filled Habitat
K-Selected Species
Redwoods
Douglas Firs
Concepts
Population
Individuals of species
Community
All Populations
Ecosystem
All things and environment
Plants in Relationship to Their Habitats
Abiotic Components of the Habitat
Climate
Temperatiure
Rainfall
Tolerance Range
Between low and high range
Soil Factors
Pioneers
First plants in soil
A Horizon
Uppermost
B Horizon
Middle
C Horizon
Lowest
Latitude and Altitude
Many influencing factors
Disturbance
FIres
Landslides
Floods
Biotic Components of the Habitat
The Plant Itself
Modifies Habitat
Other Plant Species
Mutualism
Competition
Competitive Exclusion
Less adapted is excluded
Niche
Particular set of conditions
Ecotypes
Before subspecies
Transplant experiments
Common Garden
Organisms Other than Plants
Frugivores
Fruit eating animals
Commensal Relationshiops
One benefits, other unaffected
Predation
+/-
Herbivores
Eat plants
Pathogenic
Other than predatory
Habitat
Conditions for life cycle
Operational Habitat
Effect a plant
The Structure of Ecosystems
Physiognomic Structure
Trees, shrubs, and herbs
Life forms
Means
By which plants survive
Temporal Structure
Changes ecosystem undergoes
Over time
Changes with seasons
Dramatic changes
Species Composition
Number and diversity
Of species in ecosystem
Climate, Soil, and Tolerance
Competition and Natural Selection
Trophic Levels
Primary Producers
Autotrophs
Feeding Levels
Primary Consumers
Herbivores
Secondary Consumers
Carnivores
Decomposers
Fungi and bacteria
Energy/carbon flow
Transfer of energy
Plant to animal to plant
