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Mammals (Derived Traits (Endotherms, Fat layer under skin, Larger brain,…

- - - - All have movable or opposable thumbs
      - Living Primates
        
        Apes
        
        Includes gibbons, orangutans, gorillas, chimpanzees, and humans
        
        Diverged from Old World Monkeys about 25-30 MYA
        
        3 main groups
        
        Tarsiers
        
        Anthropoids (Monkeys and Apes)
        
        Lemurs of Madagascar
      - Derived traits
        
        eyes facing forward
        
        Flat nails instead of claws
        
        Well-developed parental care
        
        Hands and feet adapted for grasping
        
        large brain and short jaws (flat faces)
- - - - Homo Ergaster: 2-1 MYA; larger brains, no tree climbing, smaller teeth--> diet shift
      - Homo Erectus: 1.8 MYA-?, First group to migrate out of Africe
      - Homo Habilis: 2.4-1.6 MYA; shorter jaw, larger brains; used tools
    - - Made complex tools
      - controversial idea that they buried their dead
      - Brains larger than homo sapiens
      - Diverged from homo sapiens 400,000 YA
      - In Europe 350,000 YA, migrated to Asia
    - - Small brain
      - First group to walk fully erect
      - Human-like hands and feet--> can still move around in trees
      - Appeared around 4-2 MYA ("Lucy")