Please enable JavaScript.
Coggle requires JavaScript to display documents.
Diuretic Drugs (Loop Diuretics (BUMETANIDE and FUROSEMIDE, Acts on the…
Diuretic Drugs
Loop Diuretics
-
-
-
Used in oedmatous state(to reduce acute pulmonary oedema of congestive heart failure), hypercalcemia(stimulates tubular Ca2+ conc. in blood) and reduces intracranial pressure(patients with severe traumatic brain injury
-
Adverse effects: Hypokalemia, Acute hypovolemia, Hyperuricemia and could also results in ototoxicity
- Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors
-
MOA: Inhibits the enzyme in the proximal tubular epithelial cells. The enzyme is carbonic anhydrase which catalyses the reaction of CO2 and H20 to give H+ and HCO3-
-
-
-
Thiazide Diuretics
CHLOROTHIAZIDE: Increased excretion of Na+ and Cl-, loss of K+, decreased urinary calcium excretion and continued use can reduce peripheral vascular resistance by the relaxation of arteriolar smooth muscle
MOA: Acts on the distal tube to decrease reabsorption of Na+ by binding to the Cl- site of the Na+/Cl- transporter on the luminal membrane. So it results in increased conc. of Na+ and Cl- in the tubular fluid
CHOLOROTHIAZIDE, HYDROCHOLROTHAZIDE and CHLORTHALIDONE
CHLOROTHIAZIDE: Used in the long-term management of hypertension, to prevent recurrent kidney stone formation in idiopathic hypercalciuria and to reduce extracellular volume in mild/moderate congestive heart failure
Take for 1-3 weeks for stable reduction in BP, has a half-life of 40 hrs. Adverse effects: K+ depletion, hyperuricemia, volume depletion, hypercalcemia, hyperglycemia and rare hypersensitivity
-
Osmotic Diuretics
-
Filtered in the glomerulus but cannot be reabsorbed, they are pharmacologically inert substances
MOA: Acts by increasing the osmolarity which changes in the content of the filtrate. Water retained in urine to maintain the osmotic balance so results in increased urinary output with little Na+ excretion
Used in acute renal failure and to reduce the intracranial pressure (mannitol increases the osmolarity of the blood relative to the brain so water from the brain is used to restore the osmolar balance
General MOA
Increases urine flow and often changes pH and ionic concentration of urine and blood. Mostly ion transport inhibitors which decreases reabsorption of sodium ions so sodium and other ions enter the urine in greater amounts. So water also enters the urine- OSMOTIC EQUILIBRIUM
Treatment
Disorders involving abnormal fluid retention (OEDEMA) and hypertension (increase in urine volume=decrease in blood volume=decreased blood pressure)