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CHAPTER 18 Nationalism, Imperialism, & Resistance (The Quest for…
CHAPTER 18 Nationalism, Imperialism, & Resistance
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Key Terms & People:
Key People:
Clemens von Metternich-An Austrian nobleman and political leader of the early nineteenth century; he was chancellor, or head, of the Austrian government for nearly forty years
Giuseppi Mazzini-an Italian politician, journalist, activist for the unification of Italy and spearhead of the Italian revolutionary movement.
Victor Emmanuel II-King of Sardinia (1849-1861) and first king of united Italy (1861-1878). He completed the unification of Italy by gaining control of Venice (1866) and Rome (1870)
Giuseppe Garibaldi- an Italian general, politician and nationalist who played a large role in the history of Italy
Otto von Bismarck-a conservative Prussian statesman who dominated German and European affairs from the 1860s until 1890 and was the first Chancellor of the German Empire
William I of Prussia-of the House of Hohenzollern was King of Prussia from 2 January 1861 and the first German Emperor from 18 January 1871 to his death
Theodor Herzl- Austrian writer, born in Hungary; founder of the Zionist movement. In The Jewish State (1896), he advocated resettlement of the Jews in a state of their own.
Shaka- Zulu military leader, who founded the Zulu Empire in southern Africa
Muhammad Ali- Albanian soldier in the service of Turkey who was made viceroy of Egypt and took control away from the Ottoman Empire and established Egypt as a modern state
Uthman dan Fodio-African mystic and revolutionary leader, who created a Muslim state in Nigeria
Al-Hajj Umar-a West African political leader, Islamic scholar, Tijani Sufi and Toucouleur military commander who founded a brief empire encompassing much of what is now Guinea
Samori Toure Guinean Muslim cleric, and the founder and leader of the Wassoulou Empire, an Islamic empire that was in present-day southeastern Guinea and was also part of north-eastern Sierra Leone
Muhammad Ahmad the Mahdi-a religious leader of the Samaniyya order in Sudan who, on June 29, 1881, proclaimed himself the Mahdi, the messianic redeemer of the Islamic faith
David Livingstone-a Scottish Christian Congregationalist, pioneer medical missionary with the London Missionary Society, an explorer in Africa, and one of the most popular British heroes of the late-19th-century Victorian era.
Key Terms:
Young Ireland-a political, cultural and social movement of the mid-19th century. It began as a tendency within Daniel O'Connell's Repeal Association, associated with The Nation newspaper, but eventually split to found the Irish Confederation in 1847
Zionism-a movement for (originally) the re-establishment and (now) the development and protection of a Jewish nation in what is now Israel. It was established as a political organization in 1897 under Theodor Herzl, and was later led by Chaim Weizmann
Social Darwinism-the theory that individuals, groups, and peoples are subject to the same Darwinian laws of natural selection as plants and animals. Now largely discredited, social Darwinism was advocated by Herbert Spencer and others in the late 19th and early 20th centuries and was used to justify political conservatism, imperialism, and racism and to discourage intervention and reform
Crimean War-a war between Great Britain, France, Turkey, and Sardinia on one side, and Russia on the other, fought chiefly in the Crimea 1853–56
Opium Wars-a war between Great Britain and China that began in 1839 as a conflict over the opium trade and ended in 1842 with the Chinese cession of Hong Kong to the British, the opening of five Chinese ports to foreign merchants, and the grant of other commercial and diplomatic privileges in the Treaty of Nanking
Extraterritoriality-the state of being exempted from the jurisdiction of local law, usually as the result of diplomatic negotiations
Taiping Rebellion- a large-scale rebellion or civil war in China waged from 1850 to 1864 between the established Manchu-led Qing dynasty and the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom under Hong Xiuquan
Boers-a member of the Dutch and Huguenot population that settled in southern Africa in the late 17th century.
Mfecane- a period of widespread chaos and warfare among indigenous ethnic communities in southern Africa during the period between 1815
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Meiji Resoration- an event that restored practical imperial rule to the Empire of Japan in 1868 under Emperor Meiji
Nationalism- Patriotic feeling, principles, or efforts.
Nationalism:
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The French Revolution, The Napoleonic Wars, and Nationalism
The wars form this shows how nations could fight back economically, militarily & politically.
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The French Revolution brought around the idea of a democratic government giving France a new identity.
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Italy and Germany
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After defeating the French, the southern states of Germany joined the country
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The Quest for Empire
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Though countries were independent, economies could be controlled by outside nations
The United States, Germany, ad France became industrial powers
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China 1800-1914
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Until 1800, there were no major threats to the Manchu Dynasty
The China still maintained a good economy with the sale of tea, silk, and porcelain to the west
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The Opium Wars, 1839-42 &1856-60
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Africa 1652-1912:
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South Africa 1652-1910
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Even though their was a black majority, South Africa was considered a white colony
Egypt 1798-1882
Muhammad Ali helped streamline Egyptian administration, and gave a government printing press
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Africa was a large and different continent to Europe with many having individualized histories for the regions
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