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EQ4: OUTCOMES OF GEOPOLITICAL INTERVENTIONS (Success of geopolitical…
EQ4: OUTCOMES OF GEOPOLITICAL INTERVENTIONS
Success of geopolitical interventions
Measuring success
Demonstrates accountability to taxpayers and voters and effectiveness of the aid, mainly using hard data such as health, education and wealth
USA used Afghanistan's human development indicators as proof for success
:red_cross: disagreements in definition of success, lack of facilities to monitor and collect accurate data, interventions can span over years and are subject to change, data interpretation varies
Softer indicators can be used; freedom of speech, gender equality and democracy
:red_cross: hard to measure but their success is important
Democracy
leads to other changes (economic growth and women's rights advancements), brings about political and social stability, easier to forge military and economic ties, war less likely
Democracy aid
focuses on supporting crucial processes and institutions, strengthening and reforming government institutions and supporting civil society
1980s: <US$1 billion, 2015: >US$10 billion
:check: 36 out of 57 countries that became democracies in 1980-1995 received aid from USA
:red_flag: 1996-2000: USA provided >US$18 million to Guatemala to train government officers, rebuild justice systems, develop anti-corruption measures and increase electorate size
Freedom of speech
Right included in the Universal Declaration on Human Rights
Guarantees right to speak and write openly, protest against injustice and criticise a government and it's leaders
Overseas aid programmes support this as part of promoting democracy
:red_flag: 'Strengthening Freedom of Expression Protection in Gambia works improve relations between media and government, supporting free expression for journalists
Economic growth
economically prosperous countries gain resources to improve infrastructure, health, education and environmental protection
prosperous nations become beneficial trading partners
UK's Department for International Development argues sustained economic growth is the single most important way to reduce poverty
10% increase in a country's income reduces poverty by 20-30%
:red_flag: China's overseas aid policy is based on the 'Eight Principles for Economical and Technical Assistance', focusing aid on primary education development
:check: investment in sub-Saharan Africa includes higher employment and faster economic growth leading to improved education and health indicators
Development aid
Successes