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NUTRIENTS (WATER (As a solvent for chemical reactions, Water is the…
NUTRIENTS
WATER
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- Water is the solvent for many chemical reactions taking place in living things. Plants need water to photosynthesis.
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- Water is the key component in cells, tissue fluid, digestive juices and blood
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- Water is the component of sweat. When water in the sweat evaporates from the skin surface, latent heat is removed. The body is then cooled down.
THE NEED FOR FOOD
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- All living organism required energy to stay alive. In a special progress called photosynthesis*, green plants use light energy from the sun to convert raw material from their surroundings into food such as carbohydrates. Such food substances contains a store of food energy called chemical energy**. Animals must consume green plants, or organism that feed on green plants, in order to get store things.
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- Nutrients are chemical substance in the food we eat. Nutrients include carbohydrates, fats and proteins.
CARBOHYDRATES
Are organic molecules are made up of the elements carbon, hydrogen and oxygen. The hydrogen and oxygen atoms are present in the ratio 2:1.
Sugars
- Sugars are sweet and soluble in water. When dissolved in water the will lower the water potential of the solution. This means that sugars are osmotically active. Sugars provide us to do energy to do work.
- SIngle sugars or monosacchrides are small molecules. They cannot be further digested into smaller molecules. They can pass through cell membranes and be absorbed into the cell. The common single sugars are glucose, fructose and galactose.
- Double sugars are so called because each molecule of a double sugars is made up of two molecules of single sugars bonded together. Double sugars are also called dissacharides. Common dissacharides are maltose, sucrose and lactose.
- Maltose occurs in germinating grains. Maltose consist of two glucose molecules bonded together.
PROTEINS
What are proteins?
- Proteins are organic molecules made up of the elements carbon, hydrogen, oxygen and nitrogen. Another elements, sulfur may also be present .
- Every protein molecule is build up from simpler compounds known as amino acids. An amino acids is made up of an amino group.
- Proteins can be found in both animal and plant foods. Milk, eggs, seafood and meat such as chicken and lean beef.
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FATS
What are fats?
- Fats, like carbohydrates, are organic molecules made up of the elements carbon, hydrogen and oxygen. But unlike carbohydrates, fats contain much less oxygen in proportion to oxygen.
- Fats can be broken down into simpler compounds by hydrolysis. They are hydrolysed to fatty acids and glycerol.
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