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Invertebrates 2: Arthropods (General Characteristics (Well developed…
Invertebrates 2: Arthropods
General Characteristics
Well developed sensory organs: eyes, antenna, olfactory sensors
paired jointed appendages on either side of each segment of the body
Open circulatory system (not real blood, hemolymph)
exoskeleton formed by cuticle made of chitin and proteins, molts as arthropod grows
Coelomates with reduces coelom, main body cavity is the hemocoel
Segmented body with a head, thorax, and abdomen
Gas exchange: aquatic species have gills, terrestrial species have trachea
Chelicerates (spiders, horseshoe crabs)
mostly terrestrial (marine lineages extinct)
Named for chelicerae: feeding appendages
Arachnids
Produce silk webs
Gas exchange carried out by book lungs (stacked platelike structures)
6 pairs of appendages
pedipalps function for sensing, feeding, defense, or reproduction
4 pairs of walking legs
Chelicerae
scorpions, spiders, ticks, and mites
2 body segments: cephalothorax and abdomen
Myriapods
Millipedes
herbivores
2 pairs of legs on each body segment
head has a pair of antenna and 3 pairs of appendages modified as mouthparts
Centipedes
carnivores with poison claws on frontmost trunk segment to paralyze prey.
one pair of legs on each body segment
All living are terrestrial
Crustaceans
Highly specialized appendages
frontmost appendages are 2 pairs of antenna
walking legs present on thorax
appendages on post genital regain (tails)
3 or more modified as mouthpieces
Marine: Lobsters, crab, shrimp, isopods,
plankton, barnacles
Freshwater: crayfish, isopods
Mostly free living aquatic animals
Terrestrial: Isopods
Insects
Often lay eggs on food source
metamorphosis
Complete: larvae looks completely different from adult (butterfly)
Incomplete: larvae look like adults missing some key features, undergo a series of molts to look like adults
wings
1 or 2 pairs of wings that emerge from dorsal side of thorax
almost all have the ability to fly
most reproduce sexually except when:
Parthenogenesis (cloning from female)
haploid males form from unfertilized eggs
6 pairs of legs
Different groups
Diptera
Only 2 wings (1 pair)
Well developed compound eyes
Flies (including mosquitos)
Mouthparts for sucking/piercing
Hymenoptera
Males haploid, females diploid (unfertilized egg becomes male)
Eusocial
Ovipositer modified into stinger: only females can sting because only females have ovipositors
Bees, ants, wasps
Lepidoptera
Long proboscis allows for them to feed on nectar of tube flowers
larvae are herbivores, adults are pollinators
scales on wings and body give butterflies their patterns
Butterflies and moths