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4.5 STANDING WAVES (are different from travelling waves because (refer to…

- - - - Waves travel to the ends of the string and reflect at each end, and return to interfere under precisely the conditions needed for a standing wave
        
        the formulas for n harmonic (note that length equals to half the wavelength)
        
        the equation
        
        to calculate the wavelength in the condition
        
        when one end free and one end fixed, node-antinode
        (n=1,2,3...):
        
        because
        
        1 more item...
        
        when both ends fixed or both free,
        node-node or antinode-antinode (n=1,3,5...):
        
        because
        
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        to calculate the frequency is
        
        that can be in a condition of
        
        node-node (both fixed end)
        
        for example at 1st harmonic,
        
        antinode-node (one free one fixed end)
        
        for example at 1st harmonic,
  - - - Longitudinal waves are created (instead of transverse waves), and these waves are reflected from the ends of the pipe #
        
        than can be in a condition of
        
        antinode-node (close end pipe)
        
        for example at 1st harmonic,
        
        antinode-antinode (open end pipe)
        
        for example at 1st harmonic,