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Chapter 12: Greek Culture in Hellenistic Period (A. Hellenistic Politics…
Chapter 12: Greek Culture in Hellenistic Period
A. Hellenistic Politics
A few representative monarchs
1.Antigonid: Demetrius I (r. 294-288): instituted him into civic worship (as a god), liberated Athens
Seleucid: Antiochus IV "Epiphanes" (r. 175-164): most notorious of Seleucid Kings, basically Hitler
Attalid: Attalus III (r. 138-133): Handing kingdom over to Romans instead of his son at his death (saw Rome's fast expansion)
Ptolematic: Cleopatra VII (r. 51-30, often with co-rulers)
Polis
A. Army: each kingdom had its own army, and most functioned independently; young men served as mercenaries
B. Ruler cults: influenced the ways Kingdoms were run; worshipped kings/rulers as gods alongside previous gods
C. Funding: things were now funded by the polis instead of wealthy citizens
D. Language: Everything was in Greek(Koine Greek)
C. Hellenistic Science
Eratosthenes (Cyrene; ca 276- ca. 195/194) Circumference of the Earth
Euclid (Alexandria; fl ca. 300) wrote book about geometry
Archimedes (Syracuse; ca 287-212/211) Hiero and gold crown displacement
B. Hellenistic Literature
Septuagint (LXX) Jewish version of Hebrew Scriptures ("perfectly divine" translation) . Alexandria
Moved away from plays and into reading and reciting scriptures (verbal art). Rhapsodes: people who memorized chunks of Homer and recited them
Poets: shorter than Homer, created only after intense study of relevant materials; meant to sit alongside the works of Homer, not on same level
Callimachus (Cyrene; fl. 300-250 BC);
Hecale
: Theseus meets old woman and she feeds him. when he comes back to thank her she is dead, so he names a Deme after her
Apollonius (Rhodes; fl. 300-250 BC)
The Argonautica
: Jason and the Golden Fleece; Medea falls in love with Jason, about eroticism and anti-heroism. Intertextuality: Authors were carefully studying others works and expected readers to understand other references
D. Hellenistic Art
Literary in Orientation, scholarly approach
Pergamum great altar of Zeus (Attalid), Frieze (parthenon)
Interest in emotion, women are depicted nude(crouching Aphrodite) ; Pergamum dying Gaul (upsets conventional thinking and produces a response)
Apoxyomenos: man using a scraper