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REVOLUTIONARY MUSIC (Rise of Nationalism (Musical Nationalism (Composers…

- - - - Works celebrating national heroes, historic events
      - Dramatic works based on folklore or peasant life
      - Basing music on songs and dances of their people
  - - - Modest Musorgsky
      - Alexander Borodin
    - - Antonin Dvorak
      - Bedrich Smetana
    - - Jean Sibelius
      - Edvard Greig
    - - Manuel de Falla
      - Issac Albeniz
    - - Edward Elgar
      - Ralph Vaughan Williams
  - - - "Write symphonic, chamber, concerto, and operas
      - Famous during lifetime
      - Used folk music of Moravia and Bohemia
      - Brahms helped him become famous
    - - Cello Concerto
      - New World Symphony - 2nd movement
      - Slavonic Dance #8
  - - - Formality
      - Balance
      - Absolute music
  - - - Gramophone recordings - important for symphony
      - Self taught composer
      - Influences from all of Europe
    - - Served WWI
      - English folk songs
      - Wrote operas, ballets, chamber music, symphonic usic, vocal pieces
  - - - Wrote operas, piano, orchestral, choral...
      - Studied piano and taught
      - From Cadiz
      - Music examples - Three Concerned Hat
  - - - Used the features of Eastern European traditional music while adhering to Classical form
      - Moved to NY in 1940 due to WWII
      - Born in Hungary, Musicologist
      - Ancient modes, unfamiliar scales, non-symmetrical rhythms
  - - - Soloists - oboe, clarinet and flute
      - Irregular meters
      - Rondo-like form
      - 2 opening themes eventually return
- - - - Harmony & Emotions - 2nd movement is a funeral march
      - Context - about Napoleon
      - Form - Scherzo with a Trio - 1st time trio appears in a symphony
      - Length - twice as long as Mozart & Haydn and scrutinized for in reviews
  - - - Dominates whole piece
      - Motive-short-short-short-LONG(Theme 1)
      - Sonata-allegro form
  - - - Changing tempo within the form
      - Winds becoming more promienet
      - Sfz - Sforzando
      - Musical joke - beginning
    - - form : Sonata Allegro
  - - - Great Britain democratic parliament system
      - Napoleon
  - - - Transition to 4th movement - no stopping - uses theme 1 motive
      - Fugue in double bass
      - Scherzo & Trio
      - Rocket theme in low strings (moves from low to high)
    - - Extended coda - LONG final ending
      - Development - brief recurrence of motive 3 . scherzo
      - more instruments - piccolo, contrabassoon, trombones
      - Cyclical motive
      - Much energy & passion
  - - - Middle(1803-1814) : symphony 3 - "Eroica" begins revolution of changing symphonic sound
      - Late(1814-1827) : symphony 9 - adds choir (chorale) with final "Ode to Joy"
      - Early(until 1802) : symphony 1&2
- - - - Wozzeck - soldier
      - Drum Major
      - Doctor
      - Captain
      - Son of Wozzeck and Marie
      - Marie - common law wife
  - - - Transposition : Same order of intervals ; starts different pitch
      - Retrograde inversion : upside down and backward
      - Retrograde : Reverse order or backwards
      - Inversion : notes move in opposite direction