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Malcom X and Black Power (Black Power (1965 saw the rise of race riots…
Malcom X and Black Power
Black Power
This was an aggressive turn for the civil rights movement, as the groups were always non-violence advocates. This was due primarily to the Meredith incident at Edmund Petus Bridge during his march in 1966. However, the government was still slow to act and the south was becoming increasingly more violent revisiting civil rights. Groups demanding 'freedom now' were now enforcing 'Black Power'
'The Black Panthers' were a militant political group aimed at improving the living and working conditions of blacks. Set up in Oakland, California in 1966 by Huey Newton and Bobby Seale, it had a ten-point plan which included radical police reform and monitoring, and advocated armed self-defence. Many black communities saw them as more effective than the actual police in monitoring the community. The government was obviously concerned about the group, which had groups in 25 cities by 1968
One of their points was the release of all prisoners at the current time. They also demanded 'an end to capitalist exploitation' towards black people
1965, Stokely Carmichael and other SNCC workers set up the Lowndes County Freedom Organisation, a political party aimed at getting blacks out to register to vote. It's symbol was a black panther with the slogan 'vote for the panther, then go home'
1965 saw the rise of race riots across the US, mainly aggravated by militants groups like the Black Panther's. Major riots include New York (1964) Los Angeles (1965) Chicago and Cleveland (1966) Newark and Detroit (1967) and Washington and Cleveland (1968).
The Watts District had riots on-going form the 11th - 17th of August. This was due to a young black cab driver being arrested after being found drunk driving. 14,000 state guards enforced a 45 mile curfew zone, arresting almost 4,000 people. Thousands were injured and hundreds of businesses were vandalised. 34 people were killed.
In the first 9 months of 1967, 150 cities recorded incidents of rioting
Malcom X
He was amongst the first to say that violence should be met with violence. By this, however, he only meant self-defence. Many blacks who felt that non-violence had not helped their cause.
He wrote in the newspaper 'Muhammad speaks' and made many speeches fir the NOI, becoming a notable figure in the late 1950's. He replaced his original surname 'Little' with 'X' to signify the lost African name he once had, which was replaced by his ancestors slave-owner's name
An aspiring lawyer who was told that he would never achieve his goals because he was a nigger. He fell into a life of crime and served 7 years in 1946. It was here that he joined the Nation of Islam (NOI), and upon his release, he preached and campaigned for them
The NOI demonstrated against integration. They argued that blacks would be better off living separately, and said integration could not stop discrimination. Some even argued that blacks would be better off moving back to Africa. They claimed that they were the superior race to whites
Notified for stating aggressive and aggravating ideas, such as: 'The government of America is responsible for the oppression and exploitation of black people in this country' and 'If we don't get to cast a ballot, then we're going to have to cast a bullet'. This clearly defined him as a vary different activist to MLK jr, who was a reformist rather than a revolutionary
After a number of disputes with the NOI, However, he left in March 1964, and began changing his stance after setting up muslim mosque inc. (a radical civil rights group) and traveling the world, returning with a more open view on working with the system.
He still had stark differences from MLK jr though. This didn't changeup to Malcom X's assassination in February 1965
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