Please enable JavaScript.

Coggle requires JavaScript to display documents.

Reproductive System (Development (Embryonic (Begins at week 3 and goes…

- - - - Week 4
        
        cephalocaudal and lateral folding produce cylindrical embryo
        
        basic human body plan is established
        
        Derivatives of the three germ layers begin to form
        
        Limb buds begin to appear
      - Weeks 5-8
        
        Head enlarges
        
        Ears, eyes, nose appear
        
        major organ systems are formed by end of week 8
      - week 3
        
        Gastrulation
        
        3 primary germ layers form
        
        primitive streak appears
        
        Notochord develops
        
        Neurolation begins
  - - - Week 13-16
        
        Limbs become more proportionate
        
        Brain and skull continue to enlarge
        
        skeletal ossification continues
        
        Body grows rapidly
      - Week 17-20
        
        muscle movements stronger and more frequent
        
        Lanugo covers skin
        
        vernix caseosa covers the skin
        
        limbs near final proportions
        
        Brain and skull continue to grow larger
      - Week 9-12
        
        primary ossification centers form
        
        reproduction organs begin to form
        
        coordination between nerves and muscles for limb movement occurs
        
        brain enlarges
        
        body elongates
        
        epidermis and dermis becomes more developed
        
        permanent kidneys develop
        
        Palate developes
      - Week 21-38
        
        subcutaneous fat is deposited
        
        eyebrows and lashes appear
        
        Body gains large amount of weight
        
        eyelids open
        
        testes descend into scrotum
        
        bloodcells form in marrow only
  - - - Zygote forms
        
        end of fertilization
        
        in the ampula of uterine tube
      - Morula forms
        
        structure formed looks like a ball of cells
        
        16 or more cells present, but no change in size from original zygote
        
        3-4 days post fertilization
      - Fertilization
        
        12-24 hours after ovulation
        
        In the ampula of uterine tube
      - Morula becomes a blastocyst
        
        looks like a hollow ball of cells that contains a
        
        Days t5-6
      - Zygote undergoes cell division by mitosis to increase cell number
        
        30 hours to day 3 post fertilization
        
        Uterine tube
      - Implantation of the blastocyst
        
        begins last first week and is completed by the second week after fertilization
- - - - Seminiferous vesicles
        
        contain 2 types of cells
        
        Dividing germ cells
        
        produce sperm at the beginning of puberty
        
        sustantacular (nurse cells)
        
        non-dividing support cells
        
        provide a protecting environment for developing sprem
        
        Release Inhibin
        
        Inhibits FSH when sperm counts are high
      - Straight Tubules
      - covered by tunica albuginia
        
        thick, whitish fibrous capsule
      - Small, oval organs located within the scrotum
        
        Produce sperm and androgens
    - - carries the sperm away from the epididymous during ejaculation
        
        reaches into the pelvic cavity from the testes
    - - A comma shaped structure at the top of the testis
        
        stores sperm until they are fully mature
        
        lined with pseudostratified columnar epithelium that contains long microvili
    - - located on the posterior surface of the urinary bladder
        
        elongated, hollow organ
        
        walls contain mucosal folds of pseudostratified columnar epithelium
        
        secret viscous, whitish-yellow, alkaline fluid containing fructose and prostaglandins
        
        fructose nourishes the sperm and prostaglandins cause the cervix to dilate
    - - skin covered sac between the thighs
        
        surrounds the testes
        
        Provides a cooler environment for sperm developement
        
        Raphe
        
        ridge-like seam at the mid-line
    - - pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium
    - - secretes fluid that is slightly acidic and rich in citric acid, seminalplasmin, and prostate-specific antigen (PSA)
        
        seminalplasmin is an antibiotic the combats UTI
        
        PSA liquifies semen following ejaculation
    - - releases mucus to lubricate the urethra for the passage of sperm during intercourse
    - - the duct that urine and seminal fluid leaves the body
    - - Tube of tissue that surrounds the urethra
    - - Tip of the penis
    - - a cord of nerves and blood vessels that supply each testis
  - - - Fimbrae
    - - Minus
      - Majus
- - - - nuclear envelope breaks down
        
        replicated chromosomes cluster together
    - - spindle fibers extend from the centrioles to each sister chomatid in each chromosome
        
        replicated chromosomes line up along the equator of the cell
    - - sister chromatids are pulled apart at the centromere
        
        each sister chromatid moves to opposite ends of the cell
    - - Nuclear division completes and nuclear envelope re forms
        
        cells separate into 4 haploid daughter cells
  - - - homologous material and paternal replicated chromosomes pair up
        
        Forms a tetrad
        
        crossing over occurs between homologous maternal and paternal chromosomes
    - - Nuclear division completes and nuclear envelopes re-form
        
        Cytoplasm divides and two new cells are produced
        
        ONLY contains 23 replicated chromosomes
    - - maternal and paternal pairs of replicated chromosomes are separated and pulled to opposite ends of cell
        
        called reduction division
        
        sister chromatids remain attached in each replicated chromosome
    - - homologous replicated chromosomes line up above and below the middle of the cell
        
        forms a double line of chromosomes
        
        spindle fibers attach to the centromeres
- - - - Meiosis 1 begins in the diploid primary spermatocytes
        
        Produces haploid cells called secondary spermatocytes
        
        secondary spermatocytes undergo meiosis 2 and become spermatids
  - - - Develop a flagellum and an acrosome cap
        
        Mature sperm contain the head ( the acrosome cap), midpiece (nucleus and mitochondria), and the tail (flagellum)
- - - - Proliferative phase
        
        initial development of the new functional layer of the endometrium
    - - Proliferative phase
        
        Same as above
    - - Menstrual Phase
        
        marked by sloughing off of the functional layer of the endometrium. Blood is present
    - - Secretory phase
        
        increase vascularization and development of uterine glands occurs
  - - - Follicular phase
        
        One follicle continues to mature and maturation of others stop
    - - Ovulation
        
        LH surge causes ovulation (release of secondary Oocyte)
    - - Follicular phase
        
        some follicles develop and produce estrogen
    - - Luteal phase
        
        Corpus luteum forms and secretes large amounts of estrogen, progesterone and inhibin
- - - - Childhood
        
        Primary Oocytes are arrested in Prophase 1
      - Monthly from puberty to menopause
        
        Primary Oocytes finishes Meiosis 1 and arrests in meiosis 2 metaphase 2
        
        Meiosis 2 is only completed in Oocytes is fertilized
        
        the first polar body degenerates before ovulation
      - before Birth
        
        Oogonia (diploid cells with 23 pairs of chromosomes)
        
        Goes through mitosis to become a primary Oocyte
        
        Primary Oocytes are arrested in Prophase 1