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Molecular Genetics (DNA Structure and Replication (DNA replication is the…
Molecular Genetics
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Central Dogma
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It begins with the sequence of amino acids that make up the protein. Instructions for making proteins with the correct sequence of amino acids are encoded in DNA.
DNA is found in chromosomes. In eukaryotic cells, chromosomes remain in the nucleus, but proteins are made at Ribosomes in the cytoplasm.
RNA is a small molecule that can squeeze through pores in the nuclear membrane. It carries the information from DNA in the nucleus to a ribosome in the cytoplasm and then helps assemble the protein.
Central Dogma of Molecular Biology has two processes involved and they are transcription and translation.
In short: DNA → RNA → Protein, or DNA to RNA to Protein.
The primary source of the chromosomes in a cell's nucleus is to store the genetic code that determines an organisms traits.
RNA
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The information in DNA is transferred into RNA, the information in RNA is used to make the protein.
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Process begins with the information in a gene being transcribed into an RNA molecule, a process called transcription.
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Base Pairing
It was known that DNA is composed of nucleotides, each of which contains a nitrogen-containing base, a five-carbon sugar (deoxyribose), and a phosphate group.
In Nucleotides, there is one of the four possible bases: adenine (A), guanine (G), cytosine (C), or thymine (T)
Adenine and guanine are purine bases, and cytosine and thymine are pyrimidine bases.
Chargaff's rule 1 is that the number of guanine units approximately equals the number of cytosine units and the number of adenine units approximately equals the number of thymine units.
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