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Intro to Molecular Genetics (Central Dogma (Central Dogma Processes are,…
Intro to Molecular Genetics
Central Dogma
DNA contains genes
DNA contains the manual for all the proteins in your body
Protein Synthesis
Eukaryotes have the chromosomes in the nucleus
Sequence of events is a major mile stone in molecular biology
Central Dogma Processes are
Transcription and Translation
Base Pairing
DNA is composed of nucleotides
Each have a nitrogen base and 5 carbon sugars and a phosphate group. Four possible bases ( Adenine Guanine ( Purine Bases ) Cytosine Thymine (Pyrimidine Bases) )
Erwin Chargaff analyzed the base compositions
Rule 2 says that A C G T bases varied from organism to organism. Added to the evidence that DNA could be genetic material
Rule 1 says that an A will always pair to a T and a G to a C inorder to from the double helix
DNA Structure and Replication
DNA replication is the process in which a cell's entire DNA is copied. DNA replication is said to be semi conservative is made of both old ad a new strand
This hypothesis was proven in 1958 and it took advantage of the nitrogen as a major part in the DNA
After one round of replication the DNA was isolated and compared to other DNA strands
It all begins as an enzyme, DNA helicase breaks the hydrogen bonds holding the strands together. 2 strands are made in opposite directions in the leading strand or lagging strand. Lagging Strands is synthesized into shorter segments called Okazaki Fragments
Replication forks develop along the chromosome during the phase of mitosis or meiosis
RNA
RNA makes the proteins, Ribonucleic Acid is another important nucleic acid. Ribosomes are the sites of protein synthesis. Gene expression occurs when the gene product is required by the cell.Transcribed into RNA molecule is called transcription.