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Systems Architecture (The Processor (Controls the movement of data &…

- - - - I/O controllers
      - Main memory
      - The processor
      - Buses
    - - Keyboard, mouse, printer, disks
      - Secondary storage
- - - - Located on the motherboard.
      - Directly accessible by the processor.
      - Everything is lost from RAM when the power is off.
      - Holds data and instructions that are currently in use by the processor.
    - - Instructions are permanently etched onto a ROM chip.
      - When the power is off - instructions still remain on the chip.
      - The bootstrap loader is held on ROM.
        
        This is the set of instructions required to start up the operating system.
  - - - Keyboard
      - Mouse
      - Disk Drive
      - Printer
      - VDU etc.
- - - - It works in only one direction (uni-directional).
      - Carries addresses from the processor to main memory or other I/O devices.
    - - Controls signals are sent along the control bus, e.g. memory read.
      - This instructs that data will be travelling from memory to the processor.
    - - Bi-directional (two way).
      - Data can be read/written.
      - Carries data/instructions from main memory to the processor.