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Anthony Smith (Nations and Ethnie (Today: Nationalism is the legitimating…
Anthony Smith
Nations and Ethnie
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Result of nationalist drive: People are divided between loyalty to the state and solidarity to their ethnie
Nation and nationalism are Western concepts --> What distinguished nations from ethnie are Western features (e.g. citizenship, territoriality)
Citizenship and ethnic solidarity operate in separate spheres (public vs private, political vs cultural)
Nation is inclusive, but looser and larger than ethnie --> Can accommodate greater measure of class difference
Are nations modern?
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In pre-modern eras, we can find striking parallels to the "modern" idea of national identity
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From Ethnie to Nation
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Many ethnie which are potential nations, don't strive to achieve that status (but: pressure to do so is very powerful
In the modern era: Ethnie must become politicized and begin to move towards nationhood (even if don't intend to become full nations) --> Forced to forsake former isolation, passivity and become activist and politically dynamic
State becoming more interventionist --> Ethnie staking out political claims on basis of particular territory
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Territorialiazation and quest for self-sufficiency: Thrust ethnie into political and economic sphere, where states, classes and ethnie compete for power as "true" representatives of the "nation"
Citizenship is central to the concept of nation: For an ethnie to become a "nation", it must turn it's members into "citizens"
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