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Cell Cycle (Interphase (In interphase the cell caries out its normal…
Cell Cycle
Interphase
In interphase the cell caries out its normal functions. It also prepares to divide, on top of this.
The amount of DNA in the cell is doubled, by DNA replication.
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More organelles are produced as well, so that there is a good amount in each of the cell produced after the cell cycle.
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Mitosis
Prophase - the chromosomes condense, getting shorter and shorter. They are visible. Centrioles start travelling to opposite poles of the cell and release spindle fibres that stretch across the cell. The nuclear envelope breaks down.
Metaphase - the chromosomes line up at the equator of the cell. The spindle fibers attach to their centromeres.
Anaphase - The centromeres divide, separating each pair of sister chromatids.The spindles contract, pulling the chromatids to opposite ends of the cell. This makes the chromatids appear V-shaped.
Telophase - The chromatids reach the opposite ends of the spindle. They uncoil and become thin again. They're now chromosomes again. A nuclear envelope forms around each set of chromosomes. The cell will then begin cytokinesis (the splitting of the cells).
Cell Cycle Overview
Interphase is the first process in the cell cycle, and takes the longest to occur.
Interphase involves the increased production of ATP and proteins, excess production of organelles and the doubling of the DNA in the cell nucleus.
Mitosis is a relatively shorter process and involves the dividing of the cells up to the point where the have nearly split.
Cytokinesis is the process by which the cell splits, creating two smaller cells.
Cancer
In cancerous cells mitosis occurs twice as quickly, meaning more cells are likely to be in mitosis. This is why the tumour grows so much quicker than the rest of your body.
Some treatments can involve the destruction of enzymes needed for the synthesis of DNA. In cancerous cells twice as much mitosis occurs meaning, if DNA is damaged, the cell can't divide, and kills itself. Other treatments will just target the DNA directly, forcing the cell to kill itself once again.