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TMS/ Plus all other tasks (TMS/ plus all other tasks (usage for tms (can…

- - - - stimulus onset asynchrony
        —> looking at change without tms and with tms :p?
        ---> you give TMS and see that it will delay / inhibit the effect of stimulus onset :3 !!
      - actually look up how excitation works vs inhibition :3!!
        —> can be both excitatory and inhibitory
        
        excited neurons but inhibits behavior :p? also check that up cause ears said it haha
        
        excitatory
        —> example of what it looks like in ereaders —> finger twitches in motor area (fourth ereader/ or phos one lol hard to say what he says)
        
        inhibitory
        —> example figure 3 of the graphs in corse manual :p
        —-> inhibitory single tms 4000ms point , stimulus increases in reaction time this inhibitory :3!
      - signal to noise ratio
        —> when inhibitory introduces lots of noise, —> decreases signal to noise ratio
        —> excitatory doesnt reduce so larger signal signal to noise ratio(better signal) :3!!
        —-> was in the ereader apperantly big argument about it follow up on that :3!
    - - high frequency > 5hz
        —> excitation
        —> could be used for LTP
      - low frequency < 1Hz
        —> inhibition
        —> could be used for LTD (long term depression )
        ----> how it works, adds random noise / activity, which confuses the rest of the system and thus is like temporal lesion wtf xD??lol not haha
      - combined with fMRI
        
        rtms before fmri = localization
        
        rtms after fmri = does the effect persist?
    - - small electrodes placed on scalp
        --> anode and a cathode
        ---> anode = neurons become slightly depolarized (more likely to fire cause less depolarization until action potential)(like those headphones that also give stimulation with anodes = increase performance!! 20 minutes beyond using it but if often used effect for weeks)
        ---> cathode = neurons become hyper polarized (less likely to fire cause even more negative inside than before so more stimulation needed to action potential!!) (like tms = inhibits)
  - - - BETA
        —-> ratio of signal/ by noise
        —> tells you about the height of the probability distributions at the criterion
        —> if noise = higher than signal (it would result in lower beta. cause signal / by bigger number ) —-> very liberal criterion
        
        If noise = lower than signal (it would result in higher beta. cause signal / divided by small number :3!! makes perfect sense !) —-> very conservative. criterion
        
        ——> low beta = liberal criterion
        —-> high beta = conservative criterion :3!!
    - - depression study
        —> only effect i’m depressed people with long stimulus onset time
        with short stimulus onset time = depressed ppl made more errors but no interaction
        
        —-> what stages were affected ?
        ———> motor response was affected in depressed. ppl by forewarning / short vs long :)!!
        —-> when light was weak = slower reaction time in all groups (also controls)
        —> :)!! so there is interaction of fore period and slower reaction time in depression :3!!
    - - Armaro = Block / event relates
        —> advantages vs disadvantages of both
        —> homogeneous blick designs for example :3!!
        —> related to donders substractikn task 1
      - Trojano = block related design(CONTRAST)
        good knowledge of how picture 1 and 2 are obtained in the course manual (trojano article )
        verbal semantics control red or green whatever how was it made what was substrates from what (statistical methods not important)
        —> correlation map vs contrast map
        
        contrast =comparing between two conditions, eg.auditory imagery with actual visual perception
        
        correlation = comparing to baseline to see all activity ::p
      - Formisano=Mentalchonometry with fMRI!!(Correlation)
        ---> Event related design!!
        --_> comparing after stimulus onset with baseline
        —> how conducted
        —> behavioral task being tested
        —> how behavior is being tested
        —> what’s represented in the map and how they can be interpreted in terms of functioning
      - time locked vs time resolved :p?
        jittering !!!!! super important!!!
      - ER VS BLOCK PARADIGMS
        
        —> block = measured data always repeated. eg
        house house house house house then mouse mouse mouse mouse mouse so your results are averaged bild response of that
        
        —>EVENT RELATED —> can be more valid cause sometimes one stimulus sometimes other ALSO MENTAL CHRONOMETRY CAN BE DKNE WITH IT!!
        
        rapid fMRI / ER trial
        —>ODBALL TASK ARTICLE !!!
        
        fMRI MENTAL CHRONOMETRY SPECIAL EVENT RELATED DESIGN !!