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Urinary/Fluids (Electrolytes (Potassium (Hyperkalemia (Irregular heart…
Urinary/Fluids
Electrolytes
Sodium
99% in ECF 1% in ICF
Assist with muscle and nerve function
Blood pressure regulation
Hypernatremia
Excess thirst
Muscle spasms
High blood pressure
Hyponatremia
Siezures
Confusion
Cells begin to swell
Potassium
98% in ICF
2% ECF
Principal cation IC osmotic pressure
Controls muscular contractions/ Heart beat
Hyperkalemia
tired/weakness
Irregular heart beats
Most dangerous
Numbness
Nausea
Chest pain
Hypokalemia
Muscle damage
Heart palpitations
Numbness
Muscle spasms
Chloride
Hyperchloremia
Hyperaldosteronism
Dehydration
Excessive saline IV
Water balance
Maintain serum osmolarity
Major anion
Found in lumen of stomach
Closely associated with sodium
Hypochloremia
Vomiting
Diarrhea
Nasogastric suction
Calcium
Most abundant electrolyte in bone and teeth
Muscle contraction
Neurotransmitter release
Blood clotting
Second messenger
Hypocalcemia
Alkalosis
Low serum albumin
Pancreatitis
ETOH abuse
Hypercalcemia
Bone pain
Constipation
Cardiac arrest
Calcification of soft tissue
Magnesium
Enzyme catalyst
neuromuscular irritability and contractibility
sedative effects on neuromuscular junctions
Hypomagnesemia
Mood changes
slow involuntary twisting
Tremors
Hypermagnesemia
Sensation of warmth
cardiac arrest
CNS depression
Phosphate
Support metabolic function
component of DNA RNA
Hyperphosphatemia
Tetany
Calcification of soft tissue
Impaired visoin
Low urine out put
ICF and urine buffer
Hypophosphatemia
ATP deficiency
Impaired ventilation
Muscle weakness
Urinary
Filtration of Blood
Kindneys
Renal Hilum
Entry and Exit fro structures that service kidneys
Vessels
Nerves
Lymphatics
Ureters
Nephron
Real Corpuscel
Glomerular capsule
Glomerular
Visceral layer
Parietal layer
Capsular space
Filtration 1
Passive
Water solutes through hydrostatic pressure
Convoluted tubules
Proximal convoluted tubule
Reabsorption 2
Passive
Movement of water and solutes into blood
Nephron loop (loop of henle)
Descending tubule
Reabsorption of water
Permeable to water
Ascending tubule
Reabsorption of Na+ Cl-
Distal convoluted tubule
Secretion 3
Active
Movement of water solutes from blood into tubule
Transport of Urine
Ureters
Storage of Urine
Bladder
Elimination of Urine (Micturition)
Urethra
Fluid compartments
Intracellular
within the cells
contain 2/3 of water
Potassium and phosphate
Extracellular
Interstitial fluid
Between cells
Transcellular plasma
joints
contain 1/3 of water
Sodium, chloride, bicarbonate