How well did Cromwell deal with opposition?

Fisher and More

Pole, Barton and Carthusian Monks

Pilgrimage of Grace

Causes

Motives

Events

Consequences

Fisher

More

Barton

Disssolution of The Monasteries 1536

Motives

Chronology

How Cromwell maintained control

Pink stems = How Cromwell dealt with the opposition

Legal changes

Making examples of competitors

Public image

Recognised the press as the mass media of Tudor England

Told recipients that they were 'specially elected and chosen'

All adult males were forced to swear to the terms of the Oath of Succession Act

Erasing the Pope's name from prayer books

High treason to rebel against royals

Legal changes + examples of competitors

Act Extinguishing the Authority of the Bishop of Rome

Act of Six Articles

Clergy had to swear the of Oath of Succession and Supremacy

Dissolution of the Monasteries

Act of Supremacy

Oath of Succession

Submission of the Clergy

Act of Payment of First Fruits

Commanded bishops, nobility and JPs to imprison clergy who continued to preach papal authority

Aided Henry in sacking Pope Clement /Cardinal Wolsey

Arrest of Elizabeth Barton and her supporters

Catholic Bishop

Present at Blackfriars and assisted Campaggio's claim against reformation

Supported Catherine's claims against divorce

Executed on June 22nd 1535 for refusing to take the Oath of Supremacy

Anti-reformist and philosophical / theological writer

Member of Aragonese faction

Executed July 6th 1535 for refusing to take Oath of Supremacy

Carthusian Monks

Had 3 interrogations from Cromwell

Stayed silent - no evidence against treason

Admitted that he doesn't recognise the King as the King

Members of the Carthusian monastic

Founded in 1084

The London Charterhouse was dissolved and its members imprisoned and later executed in 1537 during the English Reformation

Pole

Had a vision of Virgin Mary while suffering from a mental illness

Between 1535-1540, 18 monks were put to death

Under spiritual guidance of Dr Edward Bocking

Had prophecies against the marriage to Anne Boleyn

Claimed Henry would lose the throne within a month in 1533 and Bocking's plan to publish a book of her prophecies forced Cromwell into action

King's agents spread rumours that she suffered from mental illnesses and she had had sexual relations with priests

Hanged in 1534 along with 5 of her chief supporters (4 were priests)

Becomes the Archbishop of Canterbury during Mary's reign

Offered Archbishop of York by Henry 8th (removed Wolsey) if he could secure divorce from Catherine - Pole refused

English Cardinal of the Roman Catholic Church prior to the BwR

Went to court without trial

Refusing the oath resulted in being sent to Newgate prison

Some monks were hung, drawn and quartered

Recognised as martrys

Tried to undo the BwR after 1536 which led to the execution of his mother in 1541

Seen as the leader of the opposition against Henry

The suggestion to marry Mary I to Philip II of Spain which challenged the Oath of Succession and increased Catholic influence

Pole aided the Pilgrimage of Grace

Made the Act of Supremacy (which removed the Pope from power and made Henry Supreme Head of the Church) to attack the Defence of the Unity of the Church created by Pole

Openly attacked the marriage in court

Henry arrested and executed Pole's brother in 1539

How did the Reform parliament assist the downfall of Anne Boleyn?

She was not removed as a member of the opposition to the BwR. She was pro-reform

Removed due to the level of threat that she was seen to pose to the succession

Investigated for high treason in 1536 when the court was trying to maneuver the marriage onto Jane Seymour

Jan 1536 - miscarried a 'deformed foetus'

Henry thought it was God's wrath for divorcing Catherine and he would forever be denied sons by Anne

The court presented Jane Seymour as bait to assist the downfall of Anne

Suggested her acts of incest and multiple adultery with people in the privy chamber

17th May 1536 - Anne's brother along with 4 members of the court were executed

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Refused to Take Oath of Supremacy April 1534

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Religious

Economic/political

Social

Anger rose as a church abided by Government rules

A priest preached support for the rebels in the presence of the King's army. He was hanged on the spot in 1536

Taxes on marriage #

Money taken from churches and given to Henry

Aragonese faction angry

Nobility lost lots of land

Royal fee introduced

People did not think that they were being supported by the church

Straight after monasteries closed

Authorities closed the local church

Abolition of Holy Day #

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