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Biological Approach (Neural Correlates (Visual and Auditory Cortex…
Biological Approach
Neural Correlates
Abnormal structures and activity in the brain in conjunction with experiences means the structures and activities may be the origin of the experience
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Allen asked people who suffered auditory hallucinations to decide whether a recording was them or not
and they made many errors and there was low activity levels in the auditory cortex
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Genetics
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MZ= 48% DZ= 17%, higher concordance rate suggests there is a genetic basis
Cannot be completely genetic as MZ twins share 100% genes so the concordance rate would be 100%, Joseph suggested that MZ twins would grow up in a very similar environment which could explain the higher rate
Children adopted from schizophrenic mothers were more likely to develop schizophrenia than a control group
Dopamine hypothesis
Dopamine is responsible for perception so high levels (hyperdopaminergia) in the subcortex (due to having too many D2 receptors) causes hallucintaions
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Modern hypothesis’ suggest hypodopaminergia
where low levels in the cortex may be responsible for negative symptoms such as affective flattening
Clozapine that affects both dopamine and serotonin level is the most effective drug which suggests dopamine does have a role
However, serotonin must too
Noll found that those who had normal levels of dopamine/took drugs to reduce it, still experienced hallucinations