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evolution (classification (criteria (molecular clock, visible traits, DNA…

- - - - evolutionary descent, or phylogeny
  - - - homologous structure
    - - analogous structure
- - - - Hybrid isolation
        
        Gametic Isolation：一个物种原细胞不会让另一个物种精子进来
        
        Ecological: 生存地方不同
        
        Temporal isolation: 可能有交配时间
        
        Geographic isolation: geographic barriers may lead to reproductive isolation.
        
        Behavioral isolation
        
        Isolation mechanisms
    - - Continued evolution
      - Ecological competition
      - Reproductive isolation
      - Changes in the gene pool
      - Geographic isolation
      - Founders arrive
  - - - founder effect
      - random events
  - - - disruptive selection
      - stabilizing selection
      - directional selection
- - - - half-life
  - - - vendian
    - - cambrian
      - ordovician
      - silurian
      - devonian
      - carboniferous
      - permian
    - - triassic
      - jurassic
      - cretaceous
    - - tertiary
      - quarternary