Previously Developed Land (PDL), now Vacant
Previously developed land often, but not invariably, has existing building structures. Land that is or was occupied by a permanent structure and any associated fixed surface infrastructure. Previously developed land may be suitable for limited or unlimited development, ecosystem conservation and limited use (UK Government, 2011) (Gunwoo Kim, 2018)
Impervious Surface
Industrial Properties (Alker et al. 2000b, p.62) (XL Capital, 2002)
Impervious hard surface (asphalt, buildings) more than 60%
Low plants
A small number of trees (less than five trees per 0.04 ha). The featureless landscape of soil or sand cover (I. D. Stewart, 2012)
Potential Solution
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Plant trees that perform well as stormwater controls (Adam Berland, 2017)
Coniferous evergreens (e.g., Picea pungens, blue spruce)
Broadleaf evergreen (e.g., Eucalyptus globulus, blue gum) trees (Xiao & McPherson, 2016).
Barriers
Arboricultural challenges (Adam Berland, 2017)
The performance of trees as a stormwater control measure (Adam Berland, 2017)
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Case References
MFO Park, Zurich, Switzerland, Burckhardt + Partner AG Architekten and Raderschall Landschaftsarchitekten AG
Manchester City Centre, Manchester, England, EDAW
The High Line in New York City (James Corner Field Operations, Diller Scofidio + Renfro, and Piet Ouldorf)
Millenáris Park, Budapest, Hungary, Kovács, Lendvai, Muszbek, Poszár, Tihanyi and Wallner
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Impervious hard surface (asphalt, buildings) less than 60%
Scattered trees
Land cover mostly pervious (low plants) (I. D. Stewart, 2012).
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Bush, scrub
Open arrangement of bushes, shrubs, and short, woody trees
Land cover mostly pervious (bare soil or sand) (I. D. Stewart, 2012)
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Parking Lots
Impervious hard surface (asphalt, buildings) more than 90%
Low plants quality (I. D. Stewart, 2012) (Gunwoo Kim, 2018)
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Impervious hard surface (asphalt, buildings) less than 90%
Contaminated Property (Kirsten Campbell, 2017)
Industrial Properties (Alker et al. 2000b, p.62) (XL Capital, 2002)
Eutrophication
Nitogen
Potential Solution
Layered Bioretention Columns (Hsieh, Chi-hsu; Davis, Allen P; Needelman, Brian A, 2007)
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Phosphorus
Potential Solution
Bioretention Systems (Hsieh. Chi-hsu, 2007)
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Roadside (Remnants Parcels, Street Blocks)
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Parking Lots
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Toxic Soil
Potential Solution
Removing the most toxic soil, capping
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Case References
Alumnae Valley, Wellesley College, Wellesley MA (Michael Van Valkenburgh Associates)
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Infiltration Rates
Soil Compaction
(Christopher J. Woltemade, 2010)
Industrial Properties (Alker et al. 2000b, p.62) (XL Capital, 2002)
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