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DNA, RNA and ATP (DNA (Base pairs (A-T, C-G, Phosphodiester bonds are what…
DNA, RNA and ATP
DNA
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DNA replication
DNA helicase causes the hydrogen bonds between the bases to break leading to the unwinding of the double helix.
Free floating nucleotides are attracted to their complimentary bases and form hydrogen bonds with them.
DNA polmerase then joins the bases together using the phosphate groups and forms the phosphodiester bonds that hold the DNA in place
This kind of replication is known as semi- conservative as 1 strand from the parent strands makes up a daughter DNA molecule 
DNA in prokaryotic cells do not contain introns only exons while DNA in eukaryotic cells contains both introns and exons (coding and non-coding DNA)
Non-coding DNA is used by Eukaryotic cells to stop the production of a protein to separate the chain of amino acids from the ribosome
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The process of transcription is different to DNA replication as there is no DNA polymerase involved and the base uracil is involved
RNA
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mRNA
mRNA is messenger RNA that is copied from an unwound part of DNA and is transported out of the nucleus and through ribosomes where they are translated into amino acids which are chained together to form proteins
mRNA is essential to the translation process as without it the information from the DNA stand would never have left the nucleus and the protein couldn't be coded for
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tRNA
tRNA is another kind of RNA that transports information however these molecules consist of anti- codons that are complimentary to 3 bases on the mRNA chain and an amino acid
The bottom loop is the anti- codon loop that has the 3 bases attached that attach to the codon on the mRNA
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Transcription
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- The hydrogen bonds between the the bases break as a segment of DNA unwinds.
- The RNA nucleotides pair up with the complimentary bases and are joined together by the RNA polymerase to form the phosphodiester bonds holding the mRNA molecule together.
- The mRNA then leaves the nucleus through the nuclear pores and the hydrogen bonds between the bases of DNA form again as the DNA winds up