Please enable JavaScript.

Coggle requires JavaScript to display documents.

The Skeletal system, Joints, How the muscles work and The Muscular System

- - - - Carpals
      - Tarsals
      - Patella/Knee cap
  - - - Humorous/Upper arm
      - Tibia/Shin bone
      - Femur/Thigh bone
      - Ulna/Forearm
      - Radius/Forearm
      - Clavicle/Collarbone
      - Metacarpals/Hand bones
      - Phalanges/Fingers
      - Fibula/Calf bone
  - - - Sternum/Breastbone
      - Cranium/Skull
      - Pelvic girdle/Pelvis
  - - - Vertebrae
  - - - The skeleton helps to protect delicate internal organs from injury.
    - - Blood cells are produced in bone marrow. Red cells transport oxygen, and white cells protect the body
    - - The skeleton has joints where tendons join muscle to bone. This enables us to move.
    - - Important minerals, such as calcium and phosphorus, are stored in the bones
    - - The skeleton supports the body. For example, a backbone enables us to stay upright
- - - - When an angle at the joint decreases
    - - When the angle at the joint increases
    - - A turning or rotation movement around a single axis
    - - The conical (circular) movement of a limb extending from the joint
    - - Movement away from the midline of the body
    - - Movement towards the midline of the body
    - - Movement at the ankle joint that points the foot downwards away from the shin
    - - Movement at the ankle joint that points the foot upwards towards from the shin
  - - - Provides rotatory movement around a single axis for rotation
    - - Provides movement in 2 planes for flexion, extension, abduction and adduction
    - - Provides movement in one plane for flexion and extension
    - - Provides 360˚ rotation and movement in all planes for all ranges of movement
  - - - Allow limited range of movement, e.g the spine
    - - Allow little or no movement e.g the skull
    - - Allow all free movement, e.g elbow, knee
- - - - Found in walls of hollow organs such as the intestines
      - Involuntarily controlled
    - - Found throughout the body
      - Attached to bones by tendons
      - Voluntarily controlled
    - - Involuntarily controlled
      - Do not fatigue
      - Found in the walls of the heart
  - - - Antagonistic, Hamstring, bicep relax to allow movement to happen
      - Agonist, Quadricep, tricep, contract to allow extension
    - - For flexion, bending the leg before kicking a ball, and bicep curl
      - For extension, Straightening the leg for kicking the ball, Downwards phase of a bicep curl
    - - Antagonistic, relaxes, e.g Quadricep, tricep, they allow movement to happen
      - Agonist, Biceps, hamstring contract to allow flexion
  - - - Concentric
        
        Muscle shortens as muscle fibres contract
      - Eccentric
        
        Muscle fibres lengthen as muscle fibres contract
    - - No change in joint angle and muscle length during the muscle contraction, e.g. performing a plank
  - - - Produce fast and strong muscle contractions
      - More prone to fatigue than Type I fibres
      - Split ATP at a fast rate, using both Aerobic and Anaerobic metabolism
    - - Resulting in extreme muscle contractions
      - Producing short, fast bursts of power
      - Produce ATP at a Slow rate by anaerobic metabolism
      - Rapid fatigue
    - - Slow contraction velocity
      - Produce large amounts of ATP through oxidative metabolic process
      - Very resistant to fatigue