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Planning, Organizing, Leading, and Controlling (Planning (Reasons for…

- - - - Desired outcomes
      - Provides direction
      - Provides performance evaluation criteria
      - Multiple aspects E.g. financial/environmental/social
    - - Documents how goals are to be accomplished
      - Provides method for resource allocation
      - Provides map to arrive at given destination
  - - - Directional
      - Specific
    - - Standing
      - Single use
    - - Long term
      - Short term
    - - Operational
      - Strategic
- - - - authority, responsibility, unity of command
    - - number of subordinates a manger can manage efficiently and effectively
    - - degree to which decision making is controlled by a few or delegated to many
    - - grouping of job by function, location,product, process, customer
    - - the degree to which job within an organisation are standardised and the extent to which employee behaviour is guided by rules and procedures
    - - Dividing work activities into specific job tasks