Please enable JavaScript.
Coggle requires JavaScript to display documents.
Chapter 23: Seed Plants II: Angiosperms (Basil Angiosperms (Nymphaeaceae,…
Chapter 23: Seed Plants II: Angiosperms
Concepts
Magnoliophyta
named for having flowers
greater diversity of features
most advanced group of plants
interactions with animals
beneficial
pollination
mutualism with animals
non-beneficial
poisons
ivy
sumac
deadly nightshades
milder chemicals
chili peppers
mustard oil
onion oil
woods
more complex than conifers
contains vessels for water conduction
contains axial wood parenchyma
protects from wood boring insects
helps in desitribution of water to plant
Classification of Flowering Plants
An Integrated System of Classification of Flowering Plants
Magnoliophyta too large for an individual to classify
Born in 1980"s 1990's
most widely used monograph
Dr. Arthur Cronquist (NY Botanical Garden)
widely used reference books
Plant Systematics
W.S. Judd et al.,
Plant Systematics
Simpson
Aniospern Phylogeny Group (APG)
Two distinct lines of evolution
monocots
one cotyledon
parallel veins
vascular bundles
flowers in groups or multiples of three
eudicots
two cotyledons
reticulate venation
vascular bundles in one ring
can be wood, herbacious, or succulent
flowers in sets of five
Basil Angiosperms
Amborellaceae
small trees
wood has tracheids, but no vessels
diocecious
flowers
staminate
numerous stamens
carpellate
5/6 carpels
Nymphaeaceae
water lilies
soft, small bodied herbs
vascular bundles scattered
lack wood
stems submerged
pollinated by animals
Austrobaileyales
trees w/ wood similiar to gymnosperms
lacks vessels andd axial parenchyma
numerous stamens
Monocots
Commelinoid Monocots
characteristics
unique epicuticular wax
walls have hemicelluloses
walls contain UV-florescent compounds
pollen and endosperm contain starch
Arecales
palms
solitary trunk
scattered vascular bundles
leaves always near shoot apex
Poales
grass family
cattails
habitat is ponds/marshes
reproductive structures
tip
staminate flowers
thousands of carpellate flowers
bromeliads
tropical
large, bright inflorescents
habitat is Americas
sedges
wet, marshy habitat
tiny flowers
small dry fruits
stems are triangular cross-section
foods
wheat
oats
rye
corn
rice
sugar cane
all wind pollinated
Alismatales
contains aquatic herbs
often found in swamps and marshes
contain air chambers for bouyancy
no transpiration
Characteristics
lack ordinary secondary growth and wood
composed of several carpels
tepals
rarely fuse to form a tube
remain free
parallel venation
ancestors were aquatic, broad leaf
leaves evolved to simplier type without blade
mutations caused strap-shaped leaves
Asparagales
large clade with many families
evolution as diversification
septa
sepal nectaries
Eudicots
Basal Eudicots
Ranunculaceae
little fusion parts
many stamens and carpels
buttercups, windflower, clematis
Poppy Family
ornamental species
source of latex used for opium
herbs or shrubs with soft wood
Rosid Clade
orders
Vitales
Vitis
juice
raisins
table grapes
Vitis vinifera
wine grape
all wines come from this species
Geraniales
contains gerainium family
fabids
malvids
Asterid Clade
distinct features
sympetalous flowers
few stamens
stamens alternate with petals
chemical differences
lacks many specialized chemicals
betalains
benzyl-isoquinoline alkaloids
ellagic acid
proanthocyans
contain iridoid compounds
orders
lamiids
campanulids
examples
milkweeds
potato
tomato
red peppers
eggplant
tobacco
important medicinally
anti-cancer drugs
coffee
anti-malaria
induce vomiting in case of poisoning
heart disease
Caryophyllales
Examples
cacti
iceplant
portulaca
bougainvillea
spinach
carnations
chickweed
characteristics
betalains
water-soluable pigments
do not contain anthocyanin pigments
perisperm
endosperm develops, but stops growing
nucellus cells proliferate
surrounds embryo
absorbed by maturity
