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Chapter 17: Population Genetics and Evolution (NATURAL SELECTION (Factors…
Chapter 17: Population Genetics and Evolution
CONCEPTS
mostly occurs by nat. selection
EVOLUTION
conversion of 1 species to another
POPULATION GENETICS:
lots of alleles in diff. populations
gene pool
factors that change gene pool:
mutations
accidents
ex. huge forest fire
artificial selection
natural selection
"survival of the fittest"
most significant factor
NATURAL SELECTION
progeny must differ in allele types
too many to all survive
acts only on pre-existing alleles
population evolves, indiv. doesn't
Factors that aren't part of it:
purpose
intention
planning
voluntary decision-making
doesn't occur when
no competition
population's genet. identical
survival is universal
speciation
phyletic speciation
gene flow
seed dispersal
vegetative propagation
pollen dispersal
divergent speciaion
occurs when
gene flow doesn't keep it homo for entire range
reproductively isolated
by reproductive barriers
biological repr. barrier
bio phenom preventing gene flow
isolation mechanisms can be:
postzygotic
hybrid sterility
inviability
prezygotic
abiological repr. barrier
allopatric/geographic speciation
occurs if speciation results
phys. feature preventing gene flow
creating new species
adaptive radiation
special case of div.evol.
1 species forms many new ones
genetic drift
gene pool changes rapidly
occurs in short time
convergent evolution
phenos converge, not genos
conditions on earth before life
second atmosphere-reducing atmosphere
lack of molecular oxygen
exposed to powerful energy sources
heat
electricity
UV&Gamma radiation
volcanic lightning
chemosynthesis
small molecules essen. for life formed
AAs
sugars
lipids
glycolysis evolved early
presence of life
inorg. compounds to living bacteria
