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Ancient Greece (Geography (Peninsula (Mediterranean Sea), Mountains…
Ancient Greece
Religion
Gods
Zeus
most powerful god
Olympics were created to honor Zeus
Athena
Goddess of wisdom
Parthenon dedicated to her
Polythestic
Believed gods and goddesses lived on
Mt. Olympus
Geography
Peninsula
Mediterranean Sea
Mountains
hindered trade
Polis
- Greek City-States
Due to geography - no large empires were created
Alexandria
"cultural capital" & the new center of learning for scholars
Acropolis
"high city" - hill where temples sat
Arts & Architecture
Homer
Wrote the Iliad and Odyssey
Blind poet
Greeks Contributed to tragic drama
Frescoes
colorful paintings that covered the walls of the palace at Knossos
Economics
Sea Traders
Trade & travel on land was difficult due to geography
Social Structues
Sparta
warrior society
Helots - Spartan Slaves
Men expected to serve in military
Began training at 7 years old
Rights were limited
Athens
Artists & thinkers
most famous city-state
Politics & Government
Established the basis for western democracy
Alex the Great
Tutored by Aristotle
Created the Hellenistic culture
Philip II
Rule of Macedonia
Athens
Direct Democracy
Solon
EconomicReforms led to the rise of tyrants
Pericles
"Golden Age" leader of Athens
Believed all male citizens could part in the government
Introduced the concept of Ostracism; banish if a threat to democracy
Themistocles
Urged Athenians to build warships to prepare for defense against the Persians
Sparta
Oligarchy
Wars
Trojan War
10 year war between Greece and the city of Troy
Peloponnesian War
27 year war between Athens and Sparta
Delian League: alliance of city-states under Athenian dominance
Sparta formed the Peloponnesian League
Persian War
Athens emerged as most powerful city-state
Darius - Persian King
Battle of Marathon - Athenians broke the Persian line with hand to hand combat
Education
Philosophy
Socrates
Teacher of philosophy
Aristotle
Student of Plato
Plato
Student of Socrates
Science & Math
Archimedes
Scientist who mastered the lever and pulley
Pythagoras
created a formula to calculate the relationship between the sides of a triangle.
Herodotus
"Father of History"