Please enable JavaScript.
Coggle requires JavaScript to display documents.
Unit 6-Music & Death (Chapter 21: Purcell & Early Opera (Main…
Unit 6-Music & Death
Chapter 35 Mozart & Chapter 48 Faure
The Requiem: Mass for the Dead
What is Requiem?
Originally for catholic church but found way to concert hall
Composers tend to customize the catholic tradition
Music for comfort & spiritual sustenance
Requiem=Mass for the dead
Usually in Latin
Mozarts Death
On deathbed working on funeral mass-Requiem
Myths of poison but not true
Died Young at age 35
Pauper's Grave
Mozarts Requiem
Scored for SATB soloists plus chrorus and orchestra
Orchestra included more instruments-Bassoon & basset horn
Voices and instrument arrangement have dramatic effect
Impact
JFK's funeral
9/11 Commemorations
Faure and late french romanticism
Romantic music in France followed several streams
Pianists in salons and concert halls-Chopin
Art Song separate from German Lied
Grand orchestral music and operas-Berlioz & Wagner
Sacred Music
Listening Guide 39
Libera Me
Beginning=Ressurance
Middle Section=Dies Irae(Days of Wrath
Baritone Solo, SATB Chorus, Chamber Orchestra
Ending returns to Libera Me
Deliver Me, O Lord
Gabriel Faure(1845-1924)
Composition teacher at the Ecole Niedermeyer
Later director of Paris Conervatory
Trained to be a church musician in Paris
Influential music critic
French
French music advocate
Style is restrained & intimate
Faures Requiem
Took over 20 years to write
1888-1st performed for the funeral of an archittect
Nonstandard Form-Creates intimacy
Sometimes celestial, sometimes funeral
Chapter 21: Purcell & Early Opera
Main Components of Opera
Recitative
Aria
Orchestra
Ensemble
Early Opera
Opera: Large-Scale drama that is sung
Opera not meant for realistic depiction, rather "Hyper-reality"
Strong Emotions portrayed through music
Liberetto or Librettist
Early Opera in Italy & Beyond...
Early opera an outgrowth of renaissance theatrical traditions
Lavish spectacles
By 1700, Italian opera popular throughout Europe
Except ion France- had own tradition
By 1642 public opera houses open in Venice
Not mythology stories about love triangles and historical figures
Widespread entertainment
Early Opera in England
Early 17th century masques(Stage Plays)
Combined vocal and instrumental music with poetry and dance
Popular among aristocracy
Commonwealth Period(1649-1695)
Stage plays forbidden-"Of the Devil
Plays set to music could passes off as a "concert"
Listening Guide 11
Grief in Early Opera: Dido and Aeneas
First performed at a London Girl's School
Based on part of Virgil's Aeneid
1st great English Opera
Last Act features a lively hornpipe and concludes with a lament over a ground bass
Henry Purcell
Various English court posts
Wrote- Masques and operas
Assimilated Italian & French styles to English choral
Chapter 41: The Programmatic Symphony
Romantic Program Music
Different from absolute music=Musical patterns designed without meanings
Program music is more artistic within society
Program Music=Instrumental music with literary or pictorial associations specified by the composer
Hector Berlioz(1803-1869)
Fan of Beethoven and Shakespeare
Works draw upon literary influences
Born in southern France
Genius orchestrator
Listening Guide 32
Berlioz & Symphonie Fantastique
Program symphony based on personal life
Form-Thematic transformation
Music is intense & bold-
His music is intense, bold, and passionate
First great proponent of musical romanticism in France
Idee Fixe
Recurring musical thread unifying the five movements
Varied throughout by harmony, meter, timbre, dynamics, & register
Chapter 66: 21st Century Programmatic Music
Neo-Romanticism
Reclaimed 19th century harmonic & melodic language-Just new context
Romantic style of the 1800;s never really went away; still performed in concert halls
"Modernizing" the 19th century orchestral tradition
Some composers maintained a commitment to romanticism, updating it
Embracing Aspects of 19th century orchestral sound including program music
Jennifer Higdon
Studied with George Crumb
Inspired by the Beatles
Born in Brooklyn
Output spans most genres, described as having an "American" sound
Rooting in tonality, Neo-Roimatiicism
Pulitzer prize in 2010 for violin concerto
Teaches composition at the Curtis Institute
Listening Guide 61: Higdons Blue Catherdral
Personal grief over death of her brother
Overall
Lyrical-Neo Romantic
No key center-lots major triads
Meters shift mostly 5/4
Metallic percussion-including chinese reflex balls
Written in 2000
Program Music