Urbanisation
Advantages.
Improved economy.
Better services.
Improved income.
More jobs available.
Jobs in towns and cities tend to pay more.
Farms surrounding cities can increase production to provide food for sale in cities.
People have better access to services, although people may not be able to afford them.
Disadvantages.
Poor housing.
Unemployment.
Increased traffic congestion and air, water and land pollution.
Problems in rural areas.
Leads to slums being built.
Lack of jobs leads to jobs in the informal sector.
The rural areas will not have enough able workers to farm the land, therefore reducing agricultural production.
The process of urban growth that leads to a greater percentage of the population living in towns and cities.
It is the movement of people from rural areas (countryside) to urban areas (towns and cities).
Urban sprawl.
The expansion of an urban area into the countryside.
Reasons.
More people want to live in an urban area and there is a lack of space for new housing, the expansion of industry, transport links, open space, etc. so the urban area builds outwards on to greenfield sites.
Causes of urban growth.
Natural increase.
Migration.
Birth rate - death rate.
Movement of people into the city.
Push factors.
Unemployment.
Low wages.
Crop failure.
Poor living conditions.
Poor access to healthcare.
Poor access to education.
Few facilities.
Natural disasters.
Pull factors.
More jobs.
Higher wages.
Better living conditions.
Better access to healthcare.
Better access to education.
Better facilities.
Less chance of natural disasters.