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Sudan - Things that Hinder Development (Population Growth (How rapid…
Sudan - Things that Hinder Development
Climatic Change
North Sudan has a hot dry climate
Southern Sudan enjoys more moist tropical conditions
The climate has being changing. Since the 1970s the country has suffered from periods of severe drought that have seriously hindered development
The effects of drought on Sudan
The Sahara Desert has been spreading southwards into the Sahel region. (This is called desertification)
Grasslands and forestry have been destroyed. Millions of people have been short of water and food
Thousands of country people have ad to abandon their land and flee to already overcrowded cities such as Khartoum
Cattle herders from Northern Sudan have been forced to migrate southwards in search of grazing land. Competition for land and water has contributed to conflict between northern herders and southern farmers in places such as Darfur
Population Growth
Sudan is not a densely populated country
It has fewer than 16 people per square kilometre
Sudan is at the 'early expanding stage' of population cycle
It has a very high birth rate and its population is increasing at a rapid rate of 2.1% per year
Rapiid population has alreadyt caused some areas to become overpopulated
How rapid population growth can hinder development
A growing population needs more water, food and houses. This puts great strain on Sudan's limited resources and slows down development
Trees are cut down for firewood and land is cleared for agriculture. The cleared land is often overgrazed or over cultivated. This, combined with drought, causes soil erosion and desertification. Crops fail, food supplies decrease and people go hungry
Hungry people migrate into overcrowded cities such as Khartoum. Poverty increases in these cities and hinders urban development
Arms Expenditure and War
Civil wars have hindered development in Sudan for more than 25 years
Causes of the Civil Wars
Sudan has a majority of Muslim Arabic people, most of whom live in the north of the country. It also has many black Christians who live mainly in the south and in the western region of Darfur. For many years there have been tensions between those two groups
Sever drought forced Arabic herders to migrate southwards in search of grazing for their conflict between these herders and southern farmers
Some Christians were angry when the Sudanese Government passed strict Islamic laws in 1983
Two civil wars
A war between the government and Southern rebels began in 1983 and raged for 20 years. Two million people died
No sooner had the first civil war ended than another broke out in Darfur. This led to widespread destruction in an area nearly six times the size of Ireland
Effects of civil wars
Two and a quarter million people have been killed. Millions more have been injured or driven from their homes
Massive damage has been done to buildings, crops and livestock. Hundreds of villages have been destroyed in the Darfur region alone
Sudan spends 17% of its income on its large army. this reduces the amount of money that it can spend on development