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PREJUDICE (Factors Influencing Prejudices: (Conformity Pressure: Normative…
PREJUDICE
Definition
Prejudice is a negative attitude toward a group, based solely on their membership in the group.
Components of Prejudice
Affective: Emotion/Negative Feelings
Affection stemmed from prejudice is harder to change.
Logical arguments are not effective in encountering emotions.
Implicit Prejudice:
When we wished to erase prejudice from our cognitive but difficult because there is an Affective factors.
Behavioral: Discriminations
Definition:
Injustice action
toward a member of a group because of a membership in the group.
Types of Discrimination:
Implicit Discrimination
: (Microaggression)
• Belittle someone
• Giving unimportant praise
• distancing
Explicit Discrimination:
Woman who wears Niqab
Keep a distance with people who suffer AIDS
No facility for disabled people
Woman can't work as a driver
Cognitive: Stereotypes
Definition
Is
generalization
about a group of people in which identical characteristic are virtually
assigned
to
all members
, regardless the variation of the actual characteristics.
Examples:
Black People
: Lazy, smell, not diligent, good in sports.
White People
: Smart, Intelligent, smells good, ambitious.
Gender
: Cooking is for girl, while Chef is man's Occupation.
Types of Stereotypes:
Positive Stereotype
: Liking a certain group.
Negative Stereotype
: Disliking a certain group.
Group Stereotype:
Other group (Out-group)
Own group (In-group)
Contents of Stereotypes:
True
Using an accurate process of judging
False
Using shortcut or schema,Limited information or cognitive capacity,
Illusory Correlation
: The tendency to see correlations between two things but actually are unrelated.
THE PROCESS OF STEREOTYPE FORMING:
Selective Attention
Appraisal
Concept Formation an dCategorization
Attribution
Emotion
Memory
Learnt Prejudice
A child learnt prejudice from association, reinforcement, imitating family member, peers, media and society.
How do we Reduce Prejudice?
When Contact Reduces Prejudices; 6 Conditions:
Interpersonal Contact
Multiple Contact
Mutual Interdependence
Equal Status
A common goal
Inforrnal
Social Norm of Equality
Contact Hypothesis:
Bringing in-group and out-group member together. Ex: Fostering friendship between faculty at university.
Factors Influencing Prejudices:
Social Categorization:
Us Versus Them
Out-group homogeneity
In-group bias
Conformity Pressure:
Normative Rules
Institutional Discrimination: rules.
Normative Conformity: Influence from the group.
Institutionalized Racism: Majority.
How we Assign Meaning:
Attributional Bias
Ultimate Attribution error
Blaming the Victim
Competition:
Realistic Conflict Theory
Scapegoating