Chapter 9: Students with Speech and Language Disorders
What are Speech and Language Disorders?
Speech and language disorders are used to refer all disorders that can occur within the category.
Communication disorders is also used, but encompasses difficulties in communication that arise from hearing loss.
IDEA defines it as: a communication disorder such as stuttering, impaired articulation, language impairment, or a voice impairment that adversely affects a child's educational performance
Elements of Language:
expressive language: ability to produce language
receptive language: ability to comprehend language.
Spoken components
phonology- sounds
morphology- changing of meaning
syntax- word order
semantics- meaning and selection
pragmatics- function of language in a social context
1.1 million students receive services as a primary area of disability
Causes:
Biological
environmental (repeated ear infections, abuse to voice)
What are the Characteristics of Individuals with Speech and Language Disorders?
No generalizations can be made concerning the cognitive and academic characteristics of students with speech and language disorders.
High risk of reading difficulties.
Social and emotional struggles
Youngsters have a hard time expressing themselves
How are Speech and Language Disorders Identified?
Assessment:
Speech assessment with speech path
language assessment by speech path
special consideration for students who are ESL or have nonstandard use of English
Eligibility:
Given the students age, does the student have a significant delay or difference in speech or language that would be considered a speech or language impairment?
Does the student's speech or language impairment adversely affect educational performance?
Can the student benefit from special education intervention?
How do Learners with Speech and Language Disorders Receive their Education?
The most critical time in life for speech and language is early on.
Early intervention is critical.
Nearly all students who have been identified as having speech or language disorders receive their education in a typical school setting.
What are Recommended Educational Practices for Students with Speech and Language Disorders?
Therapy, technology, and intensive programs all used
What are the Perspectives of Parents and Families?
Educate parents
Diversity and inclusion
What Trends and Issues are Affecting the Field of Speech and Language Disorders?
Language differences
cultural influences on communication create differences
Need evidence-based practices