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Natural language processing (Terminologies (Lexical (In Lexical, humans,…
Natural language processing
Terminologies
Lexical
In Lexical, humans, as well as NLP systems, interpret the meaning of individual wordsIn Lexical, humans, as well as NLP systems, interpret the meaning of individual words
Syntactic
emphasis to scrutinize the words in a sentence so as to uncover the grammatical
structure of the sentence
Morphology
comprise of Nature of words, are initiated by morphemes.
Semantic
determines the possible meanings of a
sentence by pivoting on the interactions among word-level meanings in the sentence
Phonology
part of Linguistics which refers to the systematic arrangement of sound
Discourse
Focuses on the properties of the text as a whole that convet meaning by msking connnections between component sentences
Pragmatic
History
In 1960s
Introduction of conceptualdependency theory for natural language understanding by Roger Schank
development of early natural language understanding computer program
In 1980s
Introduction of machine learning algorithm
In 1950s
intensive research on NLP started
In 1970s
augmented transition network(ATN) was introduced to represent natural language input
In 1954s
automatic translation of more than sixty Russians sentences to English
Introduction
field of computer science, artificial intelligence, and computational linguistics concerned with the interactions between computers and human (natural) languages.
a tract of Artificial Intelligence and Linguistics,
devoted to make computers understand the statements or words written in human languages
a branch of artificial intelligence that helps computers understand, interpret and manipulate human language
Challenges
word sense disambiguation
Syntax ambiguity
text segmentation
Imperfect or irregular input
part of speech tagging
Speech acts
Advantages
relives burden of learning syntax
No training
Goal
accommodate one or more specialities of an
algorithm or system
an algorithmic system allows for the
integration of language understanding and language generation
multilingual event detection Rospocher et al
Approaches
Hidden Markov Model (HMM)
Naive Bayes Classifiers
Applications
Machine Translation
Text Categorization
Spam Filtering
Information Extraction
Summarization
Dialogue System
Medicine
Components
Natural Language Generation
process of producing phrases, sentences and
paragraphs that are meaningful from an internal representation
Natural Language Understanding
deals with machine reading comprehension