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Understanding through main schools (firaq) (Early Firaq (Khawarij (Over…
Understanding through main schools (firaq)
Early Firaq
Emergence of ideas and opinions; 72 groups
Political inclinations groups
Issue
: Selection of leader & identity of community in Islam
Khawarij
'khariji'
meaning 'went out' or 'seceded'
Over committed with Islam, became naive and rigid
Islam taught them principles and it became mandatory for them to become people of Paradise
Beginning of the development in Muslim identity and community
Doctrines
:
Grave sinners = kafir (murtad)
Loose rule on leader; optional
Murji'tes
(
those who popstpone)
Believe in postponement (
irja')
where judgement on grave sinners are left to the hands of God
However they are excluded from the community
The actions and sayings of a man does not reflect their faith
Groups related to human action
Problem
The relationship between Allah's will and man's responsibilities on his actions
Jabariyyah
(
'Jabr'
: to determine)
Pure
: No power of act on man
Moderate
: Man has ineffective power
Belief in predestination as they promote immature understanding of Qur'anic verse on God's omnipotence
3 sub-groups
:
Jahmiyyah
Najjariyyah
Dirariyyah
Qadariyyah
(
'Qadar'
: determination)
Believe that man is free and is the creator of his actions
Opposed the understanding of Jabariyyah as the sins of man should not be attributed to God
Good actions are from God, but sins are from man themselves
A group entrusted (
muwakkal
) themselves to do (
yaqdiruna
) everything good through delegation (
tafwid
), w/o God's help
God has made (
ja'alna
) the power to act (
istita'ah
) in them perfect, thus they do not need to do more