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Chapter 16 Genetics (Mutations (DNA Repair Processes (Not perfect, Not…
Chapter 16 Genetics
Mutations
Causes of Mutations
Mutagen: causes mutations
chemicals
UV Light
X-Rays
Radiation
Effects of Mutations
Depends of location of mutation
Somatic Mutations
A mutation in a cell that is not a gamete
DNA Repair Processes
Not perfect
Not extremely ineffective
ANY CHANGE IN DNA
Monohybrid Crosses
Incomplete Dominance
Neither parental traits dominates the other
Complete Dominance
Hard to find out genotype
Crosses Heterozygotes with Themselves
Selfing: Same Genotype
Test Crosses
A test that involves plant in question and homozygous recessive plant
Multiple Alleles
Dihybrid Crosses
Genes on Separate Chromosomes: Independent Assortment
Alleles move separately
Genes on the Same Chromosome: Linkage
Causes several types of possibilities for zygotes
Crossing over
Located far apart on the same chromosome
Other Aspects of Inheritance
Maternal Inheritance
Zygote obtains all its plastids and mitochondrion genomes from the maternal parent
Lethal Alleles
Can kill plants
Difficult to detect if occurs early
Multiple Sets of Chromosomes and Gene Families
Plants tolerate triploid zygotes
polyploid: two sets of chromosomes
Still fertile
Replication of DNA
DNA is 2x in S phase of cell cycle
Multiple genes for one character
