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EQ3: INTERVENTIONS AND HUMAN RIGHTS (GEOPOLITICAL INTERVENTIONS (National…

- - - - 2000-2015: infection fell by 37% due to international aid programmes
      - efforts focused on meeting Millenium Development Goals reduced and eliminated malaria
      - free access to medicine, nets available to half of sub-Saharan population; > from 2% in 2000, diagnosis available
      - 6.2 million deaths prevented since 2000
    - - 1975: UN Decade for Women
      - 2014: > US$ 30 million targeted at gender equality
      - 44% decline in maternal death since 1990
      - more girls in education
      - still inequality within less developed countries - cultural/religious beliefs and education
  - - - proportion of income from overseas aid
      - hinders economic and political development
      - rely on aid as opposed to increasing tax revenue to self-fund development
      - donor countries specify use
      - efforts made to reduce aid dependency to real aid; Mozambique reduced from 67% to 12% between 1992-2014
    - - aid encourages/fuels corruption as large proportions are lost
      - majority of aid goes to lowest ranked countries in terms of good governance
      - 2009: Zambia's former president, Chiluba, charged with embezzling US$12 million of aid money
      - 2015: UK donated £128 million to Somalia, the world's most corrupt country
    - - aid used by wealthy and political elite to further own aims at the expense of general population
      - buy votes to ensure power, build military to suppress citizens, enrich themselves through corruption
      - difficult to hold governments accountable for spending
      - minority groups suffer; reduced access to jobs, funding and equality
      - undermine human rights, development and democracy
  - - - 70% below poverty line
      - <20% accessible via good roads
      - hospitals and schools underfunded
      - traditional livelihoods damaged disrupting cultural traditions and increasing poverty
      - conflict over exploitation led to violence and attacks on oil pipelines
    - - mangrove and rain forests frequently destroyed
      - combustion produces acid rain and respiratory issues
      - frequent oil spills will take US$1 billion and 30 years to clear
- - - - largest recipient of military aid
      - 2000-2015: US$10 billion for social and military programmes
      - NGOs and IGOs documented widespread use of torture by country's military
      - USA argues aid helps keep peace, tackle illegal armed groups and fight criminal organisations
      - USA states it has imposed human rights conditions on aid payments
        
        NGOs claim only 25% is withheld
  - - - holds suspect terrorists without trial
      - not on American soil and therefore US laws were not covered
      - 'enemy combatant' status of detainees used to justify removal of some legal protection
      - 2004 Red Cross inspection found evidence of torture
        
        US government justified the 'torture' as enhanced interrogation techniques'
      - 2009: Obama banned 'non-coercive' methods of interrogation and ordered closure
      - February 2017: still held 41 detainees
      - 2014: American Senate released report admitting use of torture