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ANTICONVULSANT DRUGS (Barbiturates: (Indications: (Extreme cases of…
ANTICONVULSANT DRUGS
Barbiturates:
Mechanism of Action:
Barbiturates act by depressing the central nervous system on certain brain portions thereby creating a sedative effect.
Indications:
- Extreme cases of insomnia.
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- In combination with acetaminophen and caffeine to relieve tension headaches.
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Nursing Considerations:
Side Effects:
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- An increased sensitivity to sound and pain.
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Contraindications:
- Anaesthesia for cesarean section.
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Benzodiazpines:
Mechanism of Actions:
The exact mechanism of action is not known. They appear to work by affecting neurotransmitters in the brain. One of the neurotransmitter is GABA.
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Carbamazepine:
Mechanism of Action:
Carbamazepine inhibits sustained repetitive firing by blocking use-dependant sodium channels. Pain relief is believed to be associated with blockade of synaptic transmission in the trigeminal nucleus and seizure control with reduction of post-tetanic potentation of synaptic transmission in the spinal cord.
Indications:
- To prevent and control seizures.
- Used to relieve certain types of nerve pain.
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Hydantoins:
Mechanism of Action:
Hydantoins work by stifling hyperactive neurons. They either increasing efflux of sodium or decreasing the influx of sodium.
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Nursing Considerations:
Side Effects:
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- Slow or irregular heart beat.
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Succinimides:
Mechanism of Action:
Succinimides are thought to increase the seizure threshold and suppress the paroxysmal three-cycle per second spike-and-wave pattern seen with absence seizures.
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Nursing Considerations:
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Side Effects:
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- Difficulty in concentrating
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Valproic Acid:
Mechanism of Action:
Valproic acid dissociates to valproate ion in the gastrointestinal tract. It then binds to and inhibits GABA Transaminase which causes the convulsions,
Indications:
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- To prevent migraine headaches
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Nursing Consideration:
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Side Effects:
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- Change in menstrual periods
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