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Lymphatic System (Lymphatic tissue (Diffuse散布型 lymphatic tissue…
Lymphatic System
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Lymphatic tissue
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Tonsils 扁桃腺
Palatine tonsils 腭扁桃腺
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statements:
(1)Tonsil crypts(扁桃腺隱窩)
(2)Stratified Squamous epithelium 多層扁平上皮
(3)Lymph nodule 淋巴小球
(4)Germinal center 增殖中心
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statements:
(1)Located mainly in the pharynx 咽
(2)Large clusters of lymphatic cells and extracellular matrix that do not have a completed surrounding capsule
(3)Outer edges are invaginated(嵌入) to form crypts(隱窩) which allow for trapping of antigens to be presented to the lymphocytes
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Lymphatic Organs
Lymph nodes 淋巴結
introduction:
(1)located along the pathway of lymph vessels
(2)The primary function of a lymph node is to filter antigens from the lymph and initiate an immune response
可過濾淋巴液並引發初步之免疫反應
(3)Most apparent lymph node clusters occur as:
(a)Cervical lymph nodes 頸淋巴結
(b)Axillary lymph nodes 腋淋巴結
(c)Inguinal lymph nodes 鼠蹊淋巴結
Structure:
(1)Surrounded by a tough connective tissue capsule
包圍一層韌性的結締組織capsule 被囊
(2)Internal extensions of the capsule, trabeculae,project into the node
被囊會往內延伸出小樑
(3)Lymphatic cells surround the trabeculae and lymphatic sinuses provide a pathway for lymph flow
淋巴細胞會圍繞在小樑周圍 ,淋巴竇提供淋巴液流動的空間
(4)Lymph node is divided into outer cortex(皮質) and inner medulla(髓質)
(5)Cortex consists of nodules and sinuses called cortical sinuses
(6)The medulla contains medullary cords and medullary sinuses
(7)Afferent lymphtic vessels deliver lymph to the node
(8)Lymph exits nodes via efferent vessels at an indentation(節點) of the node called the hilum
In the medulla:
(1)Medullary cords contain macrophages, plasma cells, and small lymphocytes
(2)The dilated medullary sinuses (4)drain the lymph from the cortical region of the lymph node and course between the medullary cords toward the hilus of the organ.
hilus:
(1)Nerves, blood vessels, and veins that supply and drain the lymph node are located in the hilus
(2)Efferent lymphatic vessels
The cortex :
(1)has lymphatic nodules
(2)in lymphatic nodules,These lighter areas are the germinal centers
Thymus 胸腺
introduction:
(1)Large organ in infants (70 g)but atrophied as adult (3 g)
(2)2 lobed organ located in mediastinum 縱膈
(3)Supportive Capsule & trabeculae(is formed by Connective tissue) divide it into lobules(小葉)
(4)Each lobule has cortex & medulla 每一小葉均具有皮質與髓質
(5)Thymic–blood barrier prevents most circulating antigen from reaching the thymus cortex
避免正在發育的T cell 接觸到血液裏的抗原
(6)is the site of the terminal differentiation and selection of T cells
(7)Continues to grow until puberty(青春期)begins to regress in size and function
(8)In adults, it becomes replaced mostly by adipose connective tissue
Blood-ThymicBarrier
Components (From inside→outside)
(1)Capillary endothelium
(2)Endothelial basal lamna
(3)Epithelioreticular sheath
(4)Basal lamina of epithelioreticular cell
(5)Perivascular connective tissue sheath (and macrophages)
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statements:
(1)Consists of lymphatic cells and extracellular matrix and is completely surrounded by a connective tissue capsule
具有淋巴細胞與細胞間質且外面包圍有完整的結締組織的被囊
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introduction:
:red_flag:The lymphatic vessels淋巴管collect lymph from most parts of the body and deliver it to the blood circulation primarily through the thoracic duct胸管
:!:included:Diffuse lymphatic tissue→(Lymph nodule 淋巴小結)、Tonsils 扁桃腺、Lymph node 淋巴結、Thymus 胸腺、Spleen 脾臟
function:
(1)Draining excess interstitial fluid & plasma proteins from tissue spaces
由組織間引流回過多的組織間液跟血漿蛋白
(2)Transporting dietary lipids & vitaminsfrom GI tract to the blood
由消化管道(乳糜管)將飲食中的油脂與脂溶性vit運送至血液
(3)Facilitating immune responses 進行免疫反應
-recognize microbes or abnormal cells & responding
-cellular response(killing cells directly)
-humoral response(secreting antibodies)