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structures (forces (types of force (gravity ,the force of the wind,…
structures
forces
types of force
gravity ,the force of the wind, mechanical forces, pressures of gases, the force by muscles and the forces by the effects of heat.
What is a force?
A force is anything that can deform a body (static effect) or change its state of movement or rest (dynamic effect).
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Stresses
What is a stress?
When you make a physical effort you may notice that you can feel tension that increases as the effort increases. The type of tension is different in each case. The internal tension is called stress. It happens to all bodies subjected to the applying of one or more forces on them.
Types of stresses
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Shear or cutting
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The forces act like two scissor blade: they are very close together, movin in opposite directoins, as the try to cut an objet.
Torsion
Forces try to twist a body. They try to turn the ends of the body in opposite directions. For example, a key opening a lock, a pencil being sharpened.
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Load
Types of loads
Fixed or permanent loads
Fixed or permanent loads don't vary over time. They always affect the structure in the same way. For example, the object's own weight, the weight of bodies always on top of another object, etc.
Variable loads
Variable loads are occasional nad changeable. For example, the weight of snow on a roof, the pressure of water on a dam (the water level can vary), etc.
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What is a structure?
A structure is the set of elements in a body that are intented tov resist the effects of the forces that act on it. A structure prevests a body form breaking or becoming too deformed.
