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Millennium Development Goals (Goal 6: Combat HIV/AIDS, malaria and other…
Millennium Development Goals
Goal 1: Eradicate poverty and hunger
Goal 2: Achieve universal primary education
Goal 3: Promote gender equality and empower women
Goal 4: Reduce child mortality
Goal 5: Improve maternal health
Target: Reduce by three quarters, between 1990 and 2015, the maternal mortality ratio
Indicator: Maternal mortality ratio
Since 1990, the maternal mortality ratio has declined by 45% worldwide, and most of the reduction has occurred since 2000 when the MDGs are implemented
Good: Great reduction since most deaths (eg. from hemorrhage) are preventable
Ugly: Only 51% of countries have some data on maternal causes of death (90% for Latin countries and 20% for Sub Saharan countries)
Indicator: Proportion of births attended by skilled health personnel
Birth attended by skilled health personnel increased from 59% to 71%
Good: Less social stigma around delivery attended by male doctors or assistants
Ugly: Disparities and inequality in access to health services is apparent in all regions (most in Central Africa, none in Eastern Asia)
Target: Achieve, by 2015, universal access to reproductive health
Indicator: Contraceptive prevalence rate
Good: Use of contraception contributes to reducing the number of unintended pregnancies, unsafe abortions and maternal deaths
Yet even in 2015, 12% of married or in-union women of reproductive age worldwide want to delay or avoid pregnancy but are not using any method of contraception
Bad: social stigma around the use of contraceptives, as well as religious beliefs against it
Indicator: Adolescent birth rate
Good: Increase opportunity for adolescent girls to receive education --> paid employment, reduce poverty, improve knowledge on maternal and child health and less adolescent pregnancy
Ugly: Sub Saharan Africa and Latin America and the Caribbean have made slow progress
Birth rate of adolescent has declined from 59 in 1990 to 51 in 2000
Ugly: The global trend masks the wide variations among regions and its speed of decline over time
Indicator: Antenatal care coverage (at least four visits)
Only half of woman receive the recommended amount of antenatal care
Bad: Less accessible in rural areas, often requiring a long distance to visit a doctor. Can also be costly for low income families. Not enough doctor in population, creating huge demands and not enough supply of medical services
Goal 6: Combat HIV/AIDS, malaria and other diseases
Target: Have halted by 2015 and begun the spread of HIV/ADIS
Condom use at last high-risk sex
Modest progress
Bad: Risky sexual behaviour and insufficient knowledge about HIV remain at high levels among youth in many countries
Proportion of population aged 15-24 years with comprehensive correct knowledge of HIV/AIDS
In Sub Saharan Africa still less than 40% had comprehensive correct knowledge of HIV
Bad: Lack of access to testing and treatment of AIDS for this age group
Ugly: AIDS-related deaths, however, have not decreased among adolescents. AIDS remains the number one killer of adolescents in sub-Saharan Africa
Ugly: Knowledge gap between urban and rural; rich and poor
Modest progress
New HIV infections fell by 40% between 2000 and 2013
Target: Achieve, by 2010, universal access to treatment for HIV/AIDS for all those who need it
Proportion of population with advanced HIV infection with access to antiretroviral drug
By June 2014, 13.6 million people living with HIV were receiving antiretroviral therapy globally, an increase from just 800,000 in 2003
Good: The political resolve of leaders, power of community mobilisation, commitment of health care workers, results of technological innovations and fundings
Good and bad: Sub Saharan region has the most increase of people with ART treatment despite it is the area with most people suffering from HIV and 78% people in developing areas not receiving ART
Target: Have halted by 2015 and begun to reverse the incidence of malaria and other major diseases
Incidence and death rates associated with malaria
Over 6.2 million malaria deaths have been prevented between 2000 and 2015, primarily of children under five years of age in Sub-Saharan Africa
Good: Increased worldwide attention and substantial expansion of anti-malaria efforts, such as long-lasting insecticide-treated mosquito nets, diagnostic testing
Goal 7: Ensure environmental sustainability
Goal 8: Develop a global partnership for development