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Learning (Operant Conditioning (reinforcement (Principles (schedules…

- - - - the addition of a desired outcome following a behavior
    - - the removal of an aversive outcome following a behavior
    - - innately reinforcing, ex. food
    - - learned, ex. money
    - - shaping
        
        slowly reaching the desired behavior by reinforcing small steps toward the behavior
      - extinction
        
        absence of reinforcement of the response, behavior then declines and eventually extinguishes
      - continuous
        
        reinforce every correct response
      - schedules
        
        fixed-ratio
        
        reinforcement after a fixed number of times, ex. free pizza after buying 10
        
        variable-ratio
        
        reinforcement after an unpredictable number of times, ex. slot machine
        
        fixed-interval
        
        reinforcement at predictable time intervals, ex. checking a pie after 40 minutes
        
        variable-interval
        
        reinforcement at unpredictable time intervals, ex. waiting for a text
      - partial
        
        ratio schedules result in higher responses, variable schedules result in steadier responses
      - biological predispositions
  - - - the addition of an aversive outcome following a behavior
    - - the removal of a desired outcome following a behavior
- - - - John Watson
        
        Little Albert Experiment: conditioned fear response
      - B.F. SKinner
  - - - More terms
        
        Acquisition
        
        a simple, automatic response sequence mediated by the nervous system, ex. i sneeze when pepper gets in my nose
        
        Extinction
        
        classically conditioned responses diminish or extinguish over time
        
        Spontaneous Recovery
        
        conditioned response recovers after a delay
        
        Generalization
        
        conditioned response happens not just with original conditioned stimulus, but with similar stimuli
        
        Discrimination
        
        learning to distinguish between similar stimuli, requires training
        
        Biological Predispositions
        
        influence which stimuli we associate, ex. feel sick with friends but associate only with the food we ate not with the people
    - - a simple, automatic response sequence mediated by the nervous system, ex. i sneeze when pepper gets in my nose
    - - an event that may cause a response
    - - an observable behavior
    - - no consistent response
    - - results in a reflexive response
    - - the response to an unconditioned stimulus
    - - an originally neutral stimulus that has been associated with an unconditioned stimulus
    - - the response to the conditioned stimulus