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B2: Cell division (2.2: Growth and differentiation (Organisms start as one…
B2: Cell division
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2.3: Stem cells
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An egg and a sperm fuse to form a zygote - this cell divides many times to form a ball of cells - the embryo. The inner layers of the ball are embryonic stem cells
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When stem cells change into all the different types of body cell, such as nerve or muscle cells - we say the cells differentiate
Adult stem cells in the bone marrow can change into other types of cell, such as blood cells
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The stem cells from plant meristems can be used to make clones of the mature parent plant very quickly and economically
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2.1: Cell division
The cell cycle
Cell division is necessary for the growth and development of an organism, and for the repair of damaged tissues
The cell divides in a series of stages called the cell cycle - the length of the cycle can vary - in embryos it is very short as cells divide rapidly to form a new organism - in adults the process slows down but some cells, such as hair follicles, skin, blood, and the lining of the digestive system continue to divide rapidly
Mitosis is one stage in the cell cycle, which results in 2 identical cells being produced from the original cell
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